Title: Quiz: Module Seven
Course: Health Care Math and Science > Section: Learning Modules

You can take the quiz as many times as you like, but only your last score will be recorded.

You can take the quiz as many times as you like, but only your last score will be recorded.

Q: A line goes between point A (0,1) to point B (6, 9). To the nearest whole number, what is the length of that line?
- 10
- 9
- 8
- 11
A: 10

Q: A line goes between point A (-4,1) to point B (5, -2). To the nearest whole number, what is the length of that line?
- 9
- 8
- 10
- 11
A: 9

Q: True of false: the point (3,4) is on the graph of the equation ?
- True
- False
A: False

Q: True of false: the point (-4,-6) is on the graph of the equation ?
- True
- False
A: True

Q: What is the slope of a line that passes through the points (6, 4) and (10, 16)?
- 3
- 2
- 4
- 6
A: 3

Q: What is the slope of a line that passes through the points (1,2) and (-14, 20)?
- -6/5
- 5/6
- 6/5
- -6
A: -6/5

Q: What are the coordinates of the y-intercept for the equation ?
- (0,-4)
- (2,0)
- (-2,0)
- (0,0)
A: (0,-4)

Q: What are the coordinates of the x-intercept for the equation ?
- (-3,0)
- (0,-3)
- (3,0)
- (0,3)
A: (-3,0)

Q: A rectangle has sides of 3x and 2x. What would be the equation for the area of that rectangle?
- 6x^2
- 5x^2
- 6x
- 10x
A: 6x^2

Q: Multiply the monomial:
- 24x^2
- 24x
- 11x
- 11x^2
A: 24x^2

Q: Use the selection below to answer the question at the end.

This selection uses material from the Wikipedia article "Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere," which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important long-lived trace gas in Earth's atmosphere currently constituting about 0.04% (400 parts per million) of the atmosphere. Due to human activities, the present concentration of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere is the highest in the past 800,000 years, and likely the highest in the past 20 million years. Despite its relatively small concentration, CO2 is a potent greenhouse gas and plays a vital role in regulating Earth's surface temperature through radiative forcing and the greenhouse effect.

Carbon dioxide is essential to life on Earth and is an integral part of the carbon cycle, a biogeochemical cycle in which carbon is exchanged between the Earth's oceans, soil, rocks and biosphere. Plants and other photoautotrophs extract carbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide by the process of photosynthesis and use it as an energy source and and a source of carbon compounds for the construction of their body parts. Therefore, the present biosphere of Earth could not exist without atmospheric CO2. Carbon dioxide is well mixed in the Earth's atmosphere and reconstructions show that concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere have varied, ranging from as high as 7,000 parts per million during the Cambrian period about 500 million years ago in ancient-Earth biospheres to as low as 180 parts per million during the Quaternary glaciation of the last two million years.

The recent phenomenon of global warming has been attributed primarily to increasing industrial CO2 emissions into Earth's atmosphere. The global annual mean concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased markedly since the Industrial Revolution, from 280 ppm to 400 ppm as of 2015. The increase has been caused by anthropogenic sources, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The daily average at Mauna Loa first exceeded 400 ppm on 10 May 2013. It is currently rising at a rate of approximately 2 ppm/year and accelerating. An estimated 30–40% of the CO2 released by humans into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. which contributes to ocean acidification.

Question:

Before the Industrial Revolution, what percentage of the Earth's atmosphere was constituted by carbon dioxide?
- .028%
- 28%
- .068%
- 0%
A: .028%

Q: Use the selection below to answer the question at the end.

This selection uses material from the Wikipedia article "Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere," which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important long-lived trace gas in Earth's atmosphere currently constituting about 0.04% (400 parts per million) of the atmosphere. Due to human activities, the present concentration of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere is the highest in the past 800,000 years, and likely the highest in the past 20 million years. Despite its relatively small concentration, CO2 is a potent greenhouse gas and plays a vital role in regulating Earth's surface temperature through radiative forcing and the greenhouse effect.

Carbon dioxide is essential to life on Earth and is an integral part of the carbon cycle, a biogeochemical cycle in which carbon is exchanged between the Earth's oceans, soil, rocks and biosphere. Plants and other photoautotrophs extract carbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide by the process of photosynthesis and use it as an energy source and and a source of carbon compounds for the construction of their body parts. Therefore, the present biosphere of Earth could not exist without atmospheric CO2. Carbon dioxide is well mixed in the Earth's atmosphere and reconstructions show that concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere have varied, ranging from as high as 7,000 parts per million during the Cambrian period about 500 million years ago in ancient-Earth biospheres to as low as 180 parts per million during the Quaternary glaciation of the last two million years.

The recent phenomenon of global warming has been attributed primarily to increasing industrial CO2 emissions into Earth's atmosphere. The global annual mean concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased markedly since the Industrial Revolution, from 280 ppm to 400 ppm as of 2015. The increase has been caused by anthropogenic sources, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The daily average at Mauna Loa first exceeded 400 ppm on 10 May 2013. It is currently rising at a rate of approximately 2 ppm/year and accelerating. An estimated 30–40% of the CO2 released by humans into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. which contributes to ocean acidification.

Question:

According to the selection, greenhouse gasses are important because they do what?
- affect the average global temperature
- help plants grow faster
- protect us from the power of the sun
- scientists do not understand why they fluctuate
A: affect the average global temperature

Q: Use the selection below to answer the question at the end.

This selection uses material from the Wikipedia article "Mesa," which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

A mesa (Portuguese and Spanish for table) is the American English term for tableland, an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. It takes its name from its characteristic table-top shape. It may also be called a table hill, table-topped hill or table mountain. It is larger than a butte, which it otherwise resembles closely.

It is a characteristic landform of arid environments, particularly the Western and Southwestern United States in badlands and mountainous regions ranging from Washington and California to the Dakotas and Texas. Examples are also found in many other nations including Spain, Sardinia, North and South Africa, Arabia, India, and Australia.

Mesas form by weathering and erosion of horizontally layered rocks that have been uplifted by tectonic activity. Variations in the ability of different types of rock to resist weathering and erosion cause the weaker types of rocks to be eroded away, leaving the more resistant types of rocks topographically higher than their surroundings. This process is called differential erosion. The most resistant rock types include sandstone, conglomerate, quartzite, basalt, chert, limestone, lava flows and sills. Lava flows and sills, in particular, are very resistant to weathering and erosion, and often form the flat top, or caprock, of a mesa. The less resistant rock layers are mainly made up of shale, a softer rock that weathers and erodes more easily.

The differences in strength of various rock layers is what gives mesas their distinctive shape. Less resistant rocks are eroded away on the surface into valleys, where they collect water drainage from the surrounding area, while the more resistant layers are left standing out. A large area of very resistant rock, such as a sill may shield the layers below it from erosion while the softer rock surrounding it is eroded into valleys, thus forming a caprock.

Question:

What is the best description of how mesas are formed?
- differential erosion
- volcanic activity
- tectonic activity
- the action of caprocks
A: differential erosion

Q: Use the selection below to answer the question at the end.

This selection uses material from the Wikipedia article "Mesa," which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

A mesa (Portuguese and Spanish for table) is the American English term for tableland, an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. It takes its name from its characteristic table-top shape. It may also be called a table hill, table-topped hill or table mountain. It is larger than a butte, which it otherwise resembles closely.

It is a characteristic landform of arid environments, particularly the Western and Southwestern United States in badlands and mountainous regions ranging from Washington and California to the Dakotas and Texas. Examples are also found in many other nations including Spain, Sardinia, North and South Africa, Arabia, India, and Australia.

Mesas form by weathering and erosion of horizontally layered rocks that have been uplifted by tectonic activity. Variations in the ability of different types of rock to resist weathering and erosion cause the weaker types of rocks to be eroded away, leaving the more resistant types of rocks topographically higher than their surroundings. This process is called differential erosion. The most resistant rock types include sandstone, conglomerate, quartzite, basalt, chert, limestone, lava flows and sills. Lava flows and sills, in particular, are very resistant to weathering and erosion, and often form the flat top, or caprock, of a mesa. The less resistant rock layers are mainly made up of shale, a softer rock that weathers and erodes more easily.

The differences in strength of various rock layers is what gives mesas their distinctive shape. Less resistant rocks are eroded away on the surface into valleys, where they collect water drainage from the surrounding area, while the more resistant layers are left standing out. A large area of very resistant rock, such as a sill may shield the layers below it from erosion while the softer rock surrounding it is eroded into valleys, thus forming a caprock.

Question:

Where would you most likely find a mesa?
- the Sonoran Desert
- the Everglades
- the Adirondack Mountains
- in the Ohio River Valley
A: the Sonoran Desert

Q: Use the selection below to answer the question at the end.

This selection uses material from the Wikipedia article "Marsh," which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Saltwater marshes are found around the world in mid to high latitudes, wherever there are sections of protected coastline. They are located close enough to the shoreline that the motion of the tides affects them, and, sporadically, they are covered with water. They flourish where the rate of sediment buildup is greater than the rate at which the land level is sinking. Salt marshes are dominated by specially adapted rooted vegetation, primarily salt-tolerant grasses.

Salt marshes are most commonly found in lagoons, estuaries, and on the sheltered side of shingle or sandspit. The currents there carry the fine particles around to the quiet side of the spit and sediment begins to build up. These locations allow the marshes to absorb the excess nutrients from the water running through them before they reach the oceans and estuaries. These marshes are slowly declining. Coastal development and urban sprawl has caused significant loss of these essential habitats.

Question:

What is the primary type of vegetation in saltwater marshes?
- grasses
- mangroves
- seaweeds
- woody plants
A: grasses

Q: Use the selection below to answer the question at the end.

This selection uses material from the Wikipedia article "Marsh," which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Saltwater marshes are found around the world in mid to high latitudes, wherever there are sections of protected coastline. They are located close enough to the shoreline that the motion of the tides affects them, and, sporadically, they are covered with water. They flourish where the rate of sediment buildup is greater than the rate at which the land level is sinking. Salt marshes are dominated by specially adapted rooted vegetation, primarily salt-tolerant grasses.

Salt marshes are most commonly found in lagoons, estuaries, and on the sheltered side of shingle or sandspit. The currents there carry the fine particles around to the quiet side of the spit and sediment begins to build up. These locations allow the marshes to absorb the excess nutrients from the water running through them before they reach the oceans and estuaries. These marshes are slowly declining. Coastal development and urban sprawl has caused significant loss of these essential habitats.

Question:

Which of the locations below are most likely to have saltwater marshes?
- a New Jersey barrier island
- the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica
- protected areas along the Great Lakes
- areas with large numbers of mangroves
A: a New Jersey barrier island

Q: Use the selection below to answer the question at the end.

This selection uses material from the Wikipedia article "Atlantic hurricane," which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

An Atlantic hurricane or tropical storm is a tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean, usually in the summer or fall. Tropical cyclones can be categorized by intensity. Tropical storms have one-minute maximum sustained winds of at least 39 mph (34 knots, 17 m/s, 63 km/h), while hurricanes have one-minute maximum sustained winds exceeding 74 mph (64 knots, 33 m/s, 119 km/h).[1] Most North Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanes form between June 1 and November 30.[2] The United States National Hurricane Center monitors the basin and issues reports, watches, and warnings about tropical weather systems for the North Atlantic Basin as one of the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers for tropical cyclones, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization.

Tropical cyclones are steered by the surrounding flow throughout the depth of the troposphere (the atmosphere from the surface to about eight miles (12 km) high). Neil Frank, former director of the United States National Hurricane Center, used the analogies such as "a leaf carried along in a stream" or a "brick moving through a river of air" to describe the way atmospheric flow affects the path of a hurricane across the ocean. Specifically, air flow around high pressure systems and toward low pressure areas influence hurricane tracks.

In the tropical latitudes, tropical storms and hurricanes generally move westward with a slight tend toward the north, under the influence of the subtropical ridge, a high pressure system that usually extends east-west across the subtropics. South of the subtropical ridge, surface easterly winds (blowing from east to west) prevail. If the subtropical ridge is weakened by an upper trough, a tropical cyclone may turn poleward and then recurve, or curve back toward the northeast into the main belt of the Westerlies. Poleward (north) of the subtropical ridge, westerly winds prevail and generally steer tropical cyclones that reach northern latitudes toward the east. The westerlies also steer extratropical cyclones with their cold and warm fronts from west to east.

Question:

According to the selection above, all of the following steer hurricanes except:
- the Gulf Stream
- the subtropical ridge
- westerlies in more northern latitudes
- an upper trough
A: the Gulf Stream

Q: Use the selection below to answer the question at the end.

This selection uses material from the Wikipedia article "Atlantic hurricane," which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

An Atlantic hurricane or tropical storm is a tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean, usually in the summer or fall. Tropical cyclones can be categorized by intensity. Tropical storms have one-minute maximum sustained winds of at least 39 mph (34 knots, 17 m/s, 63 km/h), while hurricanes have one-minute maximum sustained winds exceeding 74 mph (64 knots, 33 m/s, 119 km/h).[1] Most North Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanes form between June 1 and November 30.[2] The United States National Hurricane Center monitors the basin and issues reports, watches, and warnings about tropical weather systems for the North Atlantic Basin as one of the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers for tropical cyclones, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization.

Tropical cyclones are steered by the surrounding flow throughout the depth of the troposphere (the atmosphere from the surface to about eight miles (12 km) high). Neil Frank, former director of the United States National Hurricane Center, used the analogies such as "a leaf carried along in a stream" or a "brick moving through a river of air" to describe the way atmospheric flow affects the path of a hurricane across the ocean. Specifically, air flow around high pressure systems and toward low pressure areas influence hurricane tracks.

In the tropical latitudes, tropical storms and hurricanes generally move westward with a slight tend toward the north, under the influence of the subtropical ridge, a high pressure system that usually extends east-west across the subtropics. South of the subtropical ridge, surface easterly winds (blowing from east to west) prevail. If the subtropical ridge is weakened by an upper trough, a tropical cyclone may turn poleward and then recurve, or curve back toward the northeast into the main belt of the Westerlies. Poleward (north) of the subtropical ridge, westerly winds prevail and generally steer tropical cyclones that reach northern latitudes toward the east. The westerlies also steer extratropical cyclones with their cold and warm fronts from west to east.

Question:

All of the following are characteristics of Atlantic hurricanes except:
- They must form between June and November.
- They must have sustained winds exceeding 74 mph.
- They must be tropical cyclones.
- They must form in the Atlantic basin.
A: They must form between June and November.

Q: Use the selection below to answer the question at the end.

This selection uses material from the Wikipedia article "Comet," which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

A comet is an icy small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, heats up and begins to outgas, displaying a visible atmosphere or coma, and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena are due to the effects of solar radiation and the solar wind upon the nucleus of the comet. Comet nuclei range from a few hundred metres to tens of kilometres across and are composed of loose collections of ice, dust, and small rocky particles. The coma and tail are much larger and, if sufficiently bright, may be seen from the Earth without the aid of a telescope. Comets have been observed and recorded since ancient times by many cultures.

Comets have a wide range of orbital periods, ranging from several years to several millions of years. Short-period comets originate in the Kuiper belt or its associated scattered disc, which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune. Longer-period comets are thought to originate in the Oort cloud, a spherical cloud of icy bodies extending from outside the Kuiper Belt to halfway to the next nearest star. Long-period comets are directed towards the Sun from the Oort cloud by gravitational perturbations caused by passing stars and the galactic tide. Hyperbolic comets may pass once through the inner Solar System before being flung out to interstellar space along hyperbolic trajectories.

Comets are distinguished from asteroids by the presence of an extended, gravitationally unbound atmosphere surrounding their central nucleus. This atmosphere has parts termed the coma (the central atmosphere immediately surrounding the nucleus) and the tail (a typically linear section consisting of dust or gas blown out from the coma by the Sun's light pressure or outstreaming solar wind plasma). However, extinct comets that have passed close to the Sun many times have lost nearly all of their volatile ices and dust and may come to resemble small asteroids. Asteroids are thought to have a different origin from comets, having formed inside the orbit of Jupiter rather than in the outer Solar System. The discovery of main-belt comets and active centaurs has blurred the distinction between asteroids and comets.

Question:

What causes comets to display a visible tail?
- gravitational perturbations
- solar radiation and solar wind
- interactions with asteroids
- eruptions of magma from their core
A: gravitational perturbations

Q: Use the selection below to answer the question at the end.

This selection uses material from the Wikipedia article "Comet," which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

A comet is an icy small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, heats up and begins to outgas, displaying a visible atmosphere or coma, and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena are due to the effects of solar radiation and the solar wind upon the nucleus of the comet. Comet nuclei range from a few hundred metres to tens of kilometres across and are composed of loose collections of ice, dust, and small rocky particles. The coma and tail are much larger and, if sufficiently bright, may be seen from the Earth without the aid of a telescope. Comets have been observed and recorded since ancient times by many cultures.

Comets have a wide range of orbital periods, ranging from several years to several millions of years. Short-period comets originate in the Kuiper belt or its associated scattered disc, which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune. Longer-period comets are thought to originate in the Oort cloud, a spherical cloud of icy bodies extending from outside the Kuiper Belt to halfway to the next nearest star. Long-period comets are directed towards the Sun from the Oort cloud by gravitational perturbations caused by passing stars and the galactic tide. Hyperbolic comets may pass once through the inner Solar System before being flung out to interstellar space along hyperbolic trajectories.

Comets are distinguished from asteroids by the presence of an extended, gravitationally unbound atmosphere surrounding their central nucleus. This atmosphere has parts termed the coma (the central atmosphere immediately surrounding the nucleus) and the tail (a typically linear section consisting of dust or gas blown out from the coma by the Sun's light pressure or outstreaming solar wind plasma). However, extinct comets that have passed close to the Sun many times have lost nearly all of their volatile ices and dust and may come to resemble small asteroids. Asteroids are thought to have a different origin from comets, having formed inside the orbit of Jupiter rather than in the outer Solar System. The discovery of main-belt comets and active centaurs has blurred the distinction between asteroids and comets.

Question:

What distinguishes a comet from an asteroid?
- an atmosphere
- tails
- their point of origination
- their proximity to the sun
A: an atmosphere