Title: Final Exam
Course: SAT 100 Principles of Agroecology > Section: SAT 100 Principles of Agroecology

Q: Diversity exists in most natural ecosystems.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: ______  has few outside artificial inputs.
- An agroecosystem
- A natural ecosystem
- Sustainable indicator
- Sustainable agroecosystem
A: Sustainable agroecosystem

Q: Control of invasive weed varieties is possible using allelopathy methods.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Which of the following is NOT a component of the soil texture triangle?
- compost
- sand
- clay
- silt
A: compost

Q: Parasitism is when one organism feeds off another, killing the other organism.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Growing only one crop in a field over successive years is called _____.
- crop specialization
- monoculture
- industrialized agriculture
- uniculture
- All of the above
A: monoculture

Q: Field corn is _____.
- organic
- non-hybrid
- unable to resist disease and pests
- All of the above
- Only the first and the second answers are correct.
A: Only the first and the second answers are correct.

Q: Winds can cause ____.
- plant damage
- uprooting
- desiccation
- deformation
- All of the above
A: All of the above

Q: Farmers historically have never been innovative.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Conversion to new agroecology methods will challenge our ability to keep the high crop production levels.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Social issues with sustainable agriculture systems include _____.
- feeding just the people able to afford food, forget those that cannot or are unable to feed themselves
- changing farming practices to allow just large entities to exist
- All the above
- None of the above
A: None of the above

Q: Conventional farming has become more specialized over the last century.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: What is included when evaluating the success of a management system?
- tied to ecologically friendly sustainable practices
- evaluates yield changes in relationship to the changes made
- examines ecological changes over time using sampling and monitoring
- determines changes in energy, labor and profitability to become sustainable
- uses observations compiled over a period of time
- All of the above
A: All of the above

Q: The development of sustainable agroecosystems include _____.
- the development of natural fertilizing methods
- the use of nitrogen-producing crops
- a reduced use of fossil fuels
- utilizing no-till farming practices
- All of the above
A: All of the above

Q: Corn needs added nitrogen to produce the desired yield.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: The hydrological cycle includes _____.
- precipitation
- transpiration
- condensation
- evaporation
- All of the above
A: All of the above

Q: Methods of combating wind damage include _____.
- selection of wind resistant varieties
- planting time
- windbreaks
- All of the above
- Only the first and the second answers are correct
A: All of the above

Q: Components of a sustainable agroecosystem include _____.
- a system that produces the highest production yield
- a system that mimics closely to its natural ecosystem
- a system closely resembling its natural ecosystem
- a system using fertilizer and producing bumper crops
- None of the above
A: a system that mimics closely to its natural ecosystem

Q: The use of pesticides and herbicides has increased since World War II.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: The best route to sustainability with wind includes designing agroecosystems using the negative aspects of wind.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Synthetic fertilizers _____.
- are responsible for much of the degradation to soil
- do not run-off
- are difficult to apply
- None of the above
A: are responsible for much of the degradation to soil

Q: Specialization in agriculture has _____.
- shown an increase in crop yields
- provides an economy of scale
- allows for efficient use of farm machinery
- allowed for an increase in pest issues and diseases
- All the above
A: All the above

Q: Ecological diversity includes _____.
- variation on spatial arrangement of its parts
- numerous variety of species
- the ability to change in various ways over time
- varied genomes in the biota
- All of the above
A: All of the above

Q: A sustainable agroecological management system does not have to concern itself with ecological factors.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Disturbance varies based on  _____ of the disturbance.
- scale
- intensity
- frequency
- All of the above
A: All of the above

Q: Bedrock is not part of the soil profile.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Hybridization of crops has _____.
- increased plant diversity
- decreased plant diversity
- has not had an effect on plant diversity
- improved crop production rates (yields)
- both decreased plant diversity and improved crop production rates (yields)
A: both decreased plant diversity and improved crop production rates (yields)

Q: Which of the following is NOT an input to an ecosystem?
- erosion
- carbon sequestration
- improved watershed health
- biodiversity protection
- All of the above
A: erosion

Q: Agriculture can be practiced anywhere.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Social issues should play no role in sustainable agroecology.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: The Food and Agriculture Association (FAO) estimates 43% of livestock breeds are faced with possible extinction.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Our soil has been degraded to a point of no return.  It will never be returned to the rich nutrient level of the past.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Managing successionally developed agroecosystems use three options.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Winds can have a significant impact on an agroecosystem.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: _____ is a sustainable system of production.
- An agroecosystem
- A natural ecosystem
- Sustainable indicator
- Sustainable agroecosystem
A: Sustainable agroecosystem

Q: Amensalism _____.
- has a positive impact on other organisms
- harms itself
- does not benefit itself
- None of the above
A: None of the above

Q: There are two types of interferences. Which type is generally helping other organisms?
- adding interference
- removing interference
- reducing interference
- adjusting interference
A: adding interference

Q: Caton Exchange Capacity defines how mineral deposits are obtained in a dissolved soluble form.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Interferences can only occur as an addition or removal; they cannot occur at the same time.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Which of the following choices is true?
- Currently approximately 3,000 edible plant species exist on the earth.
- Eggs sold in the US are produced by two main breeds.
- Over 70% of the dairy herds are the Brown Jersey breed.
- There are more varieties of apples today than in 1900.
A: Currently approximately 3,000 edible plant species exist on the earth.

Q: Level 4 conversion _____.
- substitutes conventional inputs and practices
- increases efficiencies of conventional practices in order to reduce costs
- redesigns the agroecossytem so it functions on a new set of ecological processes
- re-establishes a more direct connection between growers and consumers of food
- All of the above
A: re-establishes a more direct connection between growers and consumers of food

Q: A traditional agroecosystem includes _____.
- includes products grown in a nearby state
- grows products and sell harvest to the highest bidder
- sometimes degrades the soil
- uses non-native plant varieties
- All the above
- None of the above
A: None of the above

Q: Damages from ocean salt only occur near the coastline.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Our use of fossil fuel is _____.
- costing more than in the past
- unlimited in supply
- non-polluting
- a huge source of CO2 in the environment
- All of the above
A: All of the above

Q: Animals and crop integration in an agroecosystem will decrease the need for synthetic fertilizers.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Most energy from the sun reaches earth for our use.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: A pH reading of 7  is considered _____.
- very acidic
- slightly acidic
- neutral
- alkaline
A: neutral

Q: Sustainable agroecosystems by definition require more efficient use of energy resources.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: The type of succession where there was no previous type of disturbance is called secondary succession.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: The best way to become sustainable is to completely switch to organic sustainable solutions.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Ecologically based farm management requires changes to occur in the field on an ongoing basis.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: The following are examples of cultural energy EXCEPT _____.
- solar energy
- human labor
- animal labor
- machine labor
- geothermal power
A: solar energy

Q: Synthetic fertilizers _____.
- are the best alternative for providing Nitrogen to plants
- do not run-off
- are difficult to apply
- All of the above
- None of the above
A: None of the above

Q: The use of animals for the enrichment of soil can _____.
- reduce weeds in pastures and fields
- provide a source of nitrogen
- allow for natural crop rotation and land use
- create a healthier natural soil system
- reduce pollution in the environment
- All of the above
A: All of the above

Q: Sustainable agriculture _____.
- has minimal effect on environment
- rebuilds vitality of soil
- relies on nearby resources by removing external inputs
- allows for biological diversity
- All the above
A: All the above

Q: Making a profit in an agroecosystem is not possible.
- True
- False
A: False