Title: Unit 2 Quiz
Course: BIS 205 Field Ecology - Copy > Section: BIS 205 Field Ecology - Copy

Q: A change in allele frequency due to chance or random events is called [_____].
A: genetic drift

Q: How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
- Artificial selection occurs over a single generation whereas natural selection requires many generations.
- Artificial selection alters traits but not genes.
- Artificial selection is change as the result of human choice rather than environmental factors.
- Artificial selection is what is currently occurring, natural selection is what occurred in the past.
- Artificial selection is caused by females choosing which male to mate with, natural selection is when males choose which female to mate with.
A: Artificial selection is change as the result of human choice rather than environmental factors.

Q: Within a population, if the average is selected for and the two opposing extremes are selected against, this is an example of
- directional selection.
- disruptive selection.
- stabilizing selection.
- natural selection.
- balanced polymorphism.
A: stabilizing selection.

Q: In a population of birds, the average beak size is selected against and the large and small sized beaks are selected for. This is an example of
- directional selection.
- disruptive selection.
- stabilizing selection.
- natural selection.
- balanced polymorphism.
A: disruptive selection.

Q: Chihuahua Spruce populations have been fragmented due to historical changes in climate, resulting in
- large population sizes.
- directional selection.
- increased genetic diversity.
- genetic drift.
- all of the above are true.
A: genetic drift.

Q: Evolution results from:
- genetic drift.
- natural selection.
- gene flow.
- mutations.
- all of the above.
A: all of the above.

Q: Evolution can be defined as
- a process that increases the average size of an individual in a population.
- a change in characteristics during an individuals lifetime.
- a process that eliminates "bad" traits in a population.
- a process that favors the most common trait in the population.
- a change in gene frequency in a population.
A: a change in gene frequency in a population.

Q: Imagine you are trying to test whether a population of flowers is undergoing evolution. You suspect there is selection pressure on the color of the flower: bees seem to cluster around the red flowers more often than the yellow flowers. In a separate experiment, you discover yellow flower color is dominant to red flower color. In a field, you count 60 yellow flowers and 20 red flowers. How many yellow flowers are homozygous and how many are heterozygous?  Show your work.

Q: Which of the following populations is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
- a population with 8 homozygous dominant individuals (YY), 12 homozygous recessive individuals (yy), and 4 heterozygous individuals (Yy)
- a population in which the allele frequencies do not change over time
- p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
- a population undergoing natural selection
A: a population undergoing natural selection

Q: All of the following conditions are included in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle except:
- no mutation.
- large population size.
- non-random meeting.
- no immigration.
- genotypes of equal fitness.
A: non-random meeting.

Q: When closely related individuals mate with each other, or inbreed, the offspring are often not as fit as the offspring of two unrelated individuals. Why?
- The DNA of close relatives reacts negatively in the offspring.
- Inbreeding can bring together rare, deleterious mutations that lead to harmful phenotypes.
- Close relatives are genetically incompatible.
- Inbreeding causes normally silent alleles to be expressed.
- None of these are correct, inbreeding generally benefits fitness.
A: Inbreeding can bring together rare, deleterious mutations that lead to harmful phenotypes.

Q: Locally adapted and genetically distinct populations are referred to as
- ecotypes
- allotypes
- genotypes
- phenotypes
- metatypes
A: ecotypes

Q: Which of the following is not part of Darwin's theory of natural selection?
- Traits are inherited from an individual's parents.
- Fewer offspring are produced than what the environment can support.
- Individuals vary in characteristics from one to another.
- Certain individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce than others in a population
- Competition for resources result in some individuals being better suited for an environment.
A: Fewer offspring are produced than what the environment can support.

Q: Phenotypic variation among individuals in a population is the result of the combined effects of genes and
- environment
- predation
- maternal effects
- disease
- pollutants
A: environment

Q: Population genetics is the study of:
- how selective forces change the allele frequencies in a population over time
- the genetic basis of population-wide traits
- whether traits have a genetic basis
- the degree of inbreeding in a population
- how climate affects an organisms characteristics throughout its life
A: how selective forces change the allele frequencies in a population over time

Q: Does the following situation fit the requirements of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

A large, isolated population of rabbits in a stable environment in which no mutations occur.  Matings between males and females occurs randomly.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: The development of resistance to the herbicide Roundup® (glyphosate) in Johsongrass (Sorghum halepense) is an example of
- natural selection
- artificial selection
- genetic drift
- gene flow
- bottleneck effect
A: natural selection

Q: Does the following situation fit the requirements of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

A large population of salmon where the females mate with the largest males.
- True
- False
A: False