Course: BFM 203 Water Treatment and Control

Lecture

Intake Structures

Intake Structures

Intake/outlet structures may be used to deliver water to treatment plants, distribution systems, or back to a river or stream. These structures must be designed for their intended use and expected maximum flow rate. Ease of operation and maintenance is an important consideration in the design and construction of these facilities.

In the illustration below, the third level gate is visible on this partially-built intake structure. The second gate is at ground level on the other side and the lowest gate is connected to a large pipe that extends out several hundred feet to the right. Two additional gates will be staggered opposite gates two and three for a total of five available intake points.

Intake structures may be single- or multi-level. Single level intakes, also called fixed-level intakes, usually are located at the deepest level in a stream or reservoir. These structures cost less, are less complicated, and are easier to operate. Multi-level intakes have gates ranging from near the surface to hear the bottom. These structures can draw water from the level of best water quality. The multiple valves allow better flow control and more reliable isolation. Sample points at each intake allow operators to determine quality at each point before changing to another intake. Jar testing ensures that proper treatment can be achieved as changes occur.