Sterilization Process

Sterilization is the process used for the complete destruction or elimination of all living microorganisms. It is the treatment used to make an item germ-free.

There are several processes that are used for sterilization.

Autoclaving (Steam Under Pressure)

Gas

Gas Plasma

Chemicals

Dry Heat

 

1. Autoclaving (Steam Under Pressure)

The most commonly used method of sterilization and is most practical in the hospital setting for items that can withstand heat and moisture.

It is an effective, economical and convenient method for items that can withstand high temperatures and moisture. Pressure is attained in a chamber called an autoclave.

 

2. Gas Sterilization

Method of choice for items that cannot withstand high temperatures and moisture. A mixture of ethylene oxide and freon is used because ethylene oxide alone is flammable and explosive. Should not be used for items that can be sterilized with steam. Items have to be sent to central supply to be gas sterilized because the gases are poisonous and there must be proper aeration in a controlled environment.

 

3. Gas Plasma Sterilization

Items are cleaned, wrapped and placed in a mobile unit where they will be exposed to hydogren peroxide gas plasma. The gas enters the wrapped instruments to sterilize them.

 

4. Chemicals

One of the least satisfactory means of sterilization. Used when item cannot withstand heat, when gas sterilization is not available or when aeration time is lengthy. Only those chemicals registered as sterilants by the US Environmental Protective Agency and used as directed by the manufacturer may be utilized.

 

5. Dry Heat

Uses high heat of 329-338 degrees F. Used more in Great Britain and tropical countries. Good for powders, ointments and sealed tubes and containers.

Time needed for sterilization varies from 1 to 6 hours.