Title: Module 2 Introduction
Course: CGS 1560 Microcomputer Operating Systems > Section: Module 2 - History and Concepts of Operating Systems (OS)

The microcomputer operating system was most definitely derived from the main frame computers stemming from the 1940’s.  However, it was not until the mid-1970s that things really began to happen.  With the introduction of the CP/M operating system in 1975 there was now a place for the microcomputer in the business world.  From that point on there have been a multitude of operating systems that help to maintain the microcomputer's place in business and home.  Development in operating systems is inexplicably linked to the developments in microcomputer processors.  A basic knowledge of the history of microcomputer operating systems is needed to understand this relationship.

With the variety of operating systems available and the differences between them, it is hard to condense them to the core components.  Probably the biggest debate among the experts is the difference between the actual components of an OS and the roles that it fulfills.  The three essential elements of any OS are the kernel, shell and the file system.  The kernel provides the basic functions that control processes, resource management, files and input/output functions.  The shell provides the communication between the kernel and the hardware via a control language.  The file system is the structure that is established to organize the data for the shell to access.  There are several files system types which are generally unique to a particular OS.  A large part of understanding the purpose of an OS is in knowing how the components interact to accomplish data processing.

Instructional Goal

The purpose of this module is to provide an overview of the history of microcomputers and understanding of the different components of an OS.

Module Objectives

Upon completion of this module, the student will be able to:

- Relate the history of microcomputers
- Describe the major components of an OS
- Explain the purpose of an OS

Readings and Resources

- Textbook, Chapter 1

- The History of the Microprocessor (pdf)
http://www.beatriceco.com/bti/porticus/bell/pdf/bell_labs_journals/bell_labs_technical_journal_autumn_1997_3.pdf