Week 14 of 15– Terms (No 15 of 15)	Name: Answer Sheet

In your own words, write a definition for each of the following terms. Plagiarism will be checked and not tolerated.

Points: 5 pts/each = 9 * 5 = 45 pts

Linear

The type of relationship that exists between two variables when the ratio of the value of one variable to the corresponding value of the other is constant over the entire range of possible values.

Non-Linear

The type of relationship that exists between two variables when the ratio of the value of one variable to the corresponding value of the other is not constant over the entire range of possible values. When graphed, a non-linear process will create a curved line. Non-linear in automated control is an undesirable condition.

Extrapolated

1. To infer (values of a variable in an unobserved interval) from values within an already observed interval. 2a. To project, extend, or expand (known data or experience) into an area not known or experienced so as to arrive at a usually conjectural knowledge of the unknown area <extrapolates present trends to construct an image of the future>. 2b. To predict by projecting past experience or know data <extrapolate public sentiment on one issue from known public reaction on others>. 3. T infer (an unknown) from something that is known. 4. In statistics, to estimate the value of a variable outside the tabulated or observed range. 5. In mathematics, to estimate a function that is known over a range of values of its independent variable to values outside the know range.

Adaptive control

1. A control system that uses its previous experience to adjusts its response to its inputs. 2. Automatic means used to change the type or influence (or both) of control parameters in such a way as to improve the performance of the control system. [ANSI/ISA-51.1-1979 (R1993)]. See control, adaptive.

Enthalpy change

The sum of the internal energy of a system plus the product of the system's volume multiplied by the pressure exerted on the system by its surroundings. Also known as heat content, sensible heat, and “total heat.”

Chromatographs

An analytical instrument that uses chromatography to separate substances in order to analyze them for chemical composition and concentration.

Fuzzy logic

A reasoning approach and computing method that is used to model linguistic expressions (such as “somewhat more than”) that have non-binary truth values. It has been used with PID algorithms in process control, especially for nonlinear processes.

Fuzzification

The conversion of each numerical process measurement to be used in the reasoning into one of a set of categories defined for each linguistic variable. For example, a distance measurement might be translated into “close” or “too far”.

Virtual sensors

Functional substitutes for conventional instruments that are simple, reliable, readily available and low cost.