Title: Soil and Plant Nutrition Final Examination - Due March 10th
Course: MASTER-AGRI-1153-HB-Kern > Section: Chapter 17: Soil Erosion and Control - Due March 5

Final Exam - Comprehensive.  30 questions, 30 points, 30 minutes

Q: Sodic soils have the sodium levels of saline-sodic soils without the moderating influences of the neutral salts.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Sulfur can be used to increase soil acidity and to reduce alkalinity.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Adding the proper amount of  _____________ to soil raises the pH of acidic soils.  It not only maintains the levels of exchangeable calcium and magnesium but also in so doing also provides a chemical and physical environment that encourages the growth of most common plants. Ground calcite (CaCO_3) and dolomite (CaCO_3 - MgCO_3) are the primary carbonate sources that are widely used around the world.
- Nitrogen
- Lime
- Sulfur
- Innoculant
A: Lime
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: Which of the following groups of organisms are responsible for greatest amount of organic matter decomposition in soils?
- macrofauna
- larvae
- mesophauna
- Microfauna
- microflora
A: microflora
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: The overall process by which plant-available mineral nitrogen is released from organic compounds is termed ____________.  It is a major source of nitrogen for plant uptake, even in fertilized agricultural soils.
- mineralization
- immobilization
- volatilization
- denitrification
A: mineralization
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: ________________ is an essential macronutrient for plants (and for all animals as well). Its many roles include cellular energy transfer via ATP, genetic inheritance via DNA, protein and enzyme synthesis via RNA, and cellular membrane function via phospholipids.
- Phosphorus
- Potassium
- Sulfur
- Nitrogen
- Calcium
A: Phosphorus
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: The redox potential is a measure of _____.
- molecular oxygen content
- the tendency of a substance to accept or donate electrons
- carbon dioxide content
- the ferric ion content
- the balance between hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in solution.
A: the tendency of a substance to accept or donate electrons
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: Which of the following is (are) considered necessary features for an area to be delineated as a wetland?
- hydric soils
- shallow standing water
- aquatic vegetation
- organic soils
- all choices are correct
A: all choices are correct
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: The total acidity in soils is the sum of the active, exchangeable (salt replaceable) and residual pools of soil acidity.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Alkalinity simply refers to pH levels above neutral (>7.0) and is not to be confused with alkali conditions which involve high levels of exchangeable sodium.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Carbon cycles from the atmosphere to plants to soil organic matter and back to the atmosphere.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Earthworms are encouraged by soils high in organic matter, lime, and with good drainage. Very acid and very sandy conditions, as well as extensive tillage, are detrimental to most earthworms.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Nitrogen fertilization is a significant cause of acidity in many cultivated soils.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Most anaerobic organisms in soils are ____________.
- macrofauna
- termites and ants
- earthworms
- Bacteria
A: Bacteria
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: Modern nutrient management is designed to _____________.
- cost-effectively produce quality plants
- protect or improve environmental quality
- protect or improve soil quality
- conserve nutrient resources
- all answers are correct
A: all answers are correct
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: The oceans act as a buffer for atmospheric carbon dioxide by dissolving or releasing large quantities, but fossil fuel burning and soil organic matter depletion add more carbon to the atmosphere each year than the oceans take out, resulting in rising levels of carbon dioxide that are believed to be the main cause of ___________________.
- acid rain
- global warming
- nautical phasmidation
- 2, 4, 5 - T (agent orange)
A: global warming
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: Which of the following human actions is most apt to result in a long term increase in soil pH?
- application of NH_4^- containing fertilizers
- application of farm manure
- irrigation with high sodium salt-containing waters
- emission of gases from automobiles
- application of unlimed sewage sludge
A: irrigation with high sodium salt-containing waters
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: When water causes soil deposition in the form of floodplains, fans and deltas, it is referred to as _____________ deposits.
- glacial till
- colluvial
- eolian
- alluvial
A: alluvial
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: The smallest soil particle is:
- sand
- silt
- clay
- organic matter
A: clay
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: The type of soil formed from gravity carrying poorly sorted soil and rock fragments downslope from heights above is called ________________.
- colluvium
- alluvium
- Loess
- Glacial till
A: colluvium
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: The definition of ____________ is a mixture of sand, silt and clay particles that exhibit properties of each of the three, not necessarily equally.
- fragment soil
- loam
- gravel
- none of these
A: loam
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: What is the name of the Nebraska State Soil?
- Kearney
- Lincoln
- Hastings
- Holdrege
A: Holdrege
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: The O Horizon gets it name from the amount of ______________ present.
- Oxygen
- Organic matter
- Oxidization
- Obsidian rock
A: Organic matter
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: The two primary soil orders that are found are
- Histosols, Entisols
- Oxisols, Aridisols
- Mollisols, Alfisols
- Entisols, Mollisols
A: Entisols, Mollisols
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: The largest soil particle is:
- sand
- silt
- clay
- organic matter
A: sand
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: Soil texture is determined by the amount of these three soil particles
- sand, gravel, humus
- gravel, organic matter, clay
- sand, silt, clay
- silt, humus, organic matter
A: sand, silt, clay
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: Which of the following would refer to a soil formed by wind?
- eolian
- loess
- dune sand
- aerosolic dust
- all answers are correct
A: all answers are correct
If right: Your answer is correct.
If wrong: Your answer is incorrect.

Q: Soil compaction has no effect on root development within the soil.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Soil has an important role as a natural body that serves as an interface between the worlds of rock (lithosphere), water (hydrosphere), air (atmosphere) and living things (biosphere).
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Sand has the greatest permeability.
- True
- False
A: True