Title: Lesson 9: Quiz
Course: RITA MC - ITNW 1308 > Section: Lesson 9: Configuring IP Settings

Q: In the OSI model, which layer is at the bottom and represents the hardware that forms the network?
- Data-Link
- Physical
- Network
- Transport
A: Physical
Feedback: At the bottom of the OSI model is the physical layer, which represents the hardware that forms the network. The physical layer of the OSI model consists of the cable or the radio signals that carry data from one system to another, as well as the network interface adapters, which are the hardware components in the computers that provide the connection to the physical network.

Q: Most cabled networks today use what type of cabling?
- Coaxial
- Unshielded twisted pair
- Shielded twisted pair
- Fiber optic
A: Unshielded twisted pair
Feedback: Most cabled networks use a type of cable called unshielded twisted pair (UTP), which is similar to the cable used for telephone wiring. UTP cable consists of four pairs of wires, with each pair twisted individually. At either end of each cable run are modular 8P8C connectors (often incorrectly referred to as RJ45 connectors), which are similar to the RJ11 connectors used for telephones.

Q: Which of the following is a characteristic of a packet-switching network?
- Individual packets may take any number of unique paths from source to destination.
- Two communicating systems agree on a common data encryption protocol to be used.
- Two communicating systems establish a dedicated connection that they use exclusively until their transaction is completed.
- Individual packets are all routed along the same path from source to destination.
A: Individual packets may take any number of unique paths from source to destination.
Feedback: In packet-switching networks, messages generated by each computer are divided up into small pieces called packets, which the computer transmits individually over the network. A single file might be divided into hundreds or thousands of packets, each of which is transmitted separately. The packets might take different routes to the destination, and might even arrive there in a different order.

Q: The process of applying a header and footer to a data packet is known as what?
- Framing
- Encapsulation
- Wrapping
- Routing
A: Encapsulation
Feedback: For the packets to reach their destination, they have to know where they are going. Therefore, they require an address. Just like letters mailed in the post office, each packet needs an address identifying the computer that will be its destination. Ethernet is the protocol responsible for addressing the packets at the data-link layer, which it does by surrounding the data it receives from the network layer just above it with a header and footer. This header and footer and the data they contain are collectively called a frame, and the process of applying it is called data encapsulation. The header and footer perform the same functions as the envelope does to a letter, protecting the contents and displaying the address of the recipient.

Q: What protocol do most devices currently use at the Network layer?
- NetBIOS
- NFS
- TCP/IP
- SMB
A: TCP/IP
Feedback: The protocols that Windows uses by default at the network and transport layers are collectively called TCP/IP. TCP is the Transmission Control Protocol and IP is the Internet Protocol. Early versions of Windows used a different protocol called NetBIOS, but TCP/IP is the native protocol of the Internet; the explosive growth in the Internets popularity eventually led the developers of all network operating systems to adopt TCP/IP as their default protocol.

Q: What feature of Windows 8.1 allows a computer to function as a router, providing Internet access to other computers in the same location?
- Router Discovery Protocol
- Internet Connection Sharing
- Routing and Remote Access Service
- Internet Connection Service
A: Internet Connection Sharing
Feedback: Windows 8.1 itself can function as a router. When a Windows 8.1 computer is connected to two networks, such as a LAN and an ISP network, you can activate the Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) feature, which enables Windows 8.1 to route packets between the networks. In most cases, however, routers are not general-purpose computers, but rather specialized devices that are dedicated to routing functions.

Q: What protocol is responsible for the end-to-end transmission of a packet, to its final destination on a network?
- TCP
- UDP
- PDP
- IP
A: IP
Feedback: IP is the primary end-to-end protocol used on most data networks. Data-link layer protocols like Ethernet are actually LAN protocols; they are designed to send packets from one system to another system on the same local network. An end-to-end protocol like IP is responsible for the complete transmission of a packet from its source to its final destination on another network.

Q: IPv4 addresses are how long?
- 32 bits
- 48 bits
- 64 bits
- 128 bits
A: 32 bits
Feedback: IP version 4 (IPv4) defines a 32-bit address space.

Q: What governing organization defines networking protocols such as TCP/IP?
- Internet Engineering Task Force
- Internet Defense League
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- International Standards Organization
A: Internet Engineering Task Force
Feedback: The TCP/IP protocols are defined by public domain documents that are published by a body called the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). When they are first published, these documents are known as Requests For Comments (RFC). They then proceed through a lengthy ratification process before being declared Internet standards. The original IP standard, published as RFC 791, Internet Protocol: DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification in September 1981, is a relatively short document that concentrates largely on IPv4 addressing.

Q: What is the correct binary representation of the IP address 192.168.10.2?
- 11110000.10111000.00000010.00000010
- 10100000.10010000.00010010.00000010
- 11100000.10110000.00001010.00000010
- 11000000.10100000.00001010.00000010
A: 11000000.10100000.00001010.00000010
Feedback: 11000000.10100000.00001010.00000010 correctly represents 192.168.10.2 in binary.

Q: Which IPv4 IP class provides for 126 unique networks, each having up to 16,777,214 hosts?
- Class A
- Class B
- Class C
- Class D
A: Class A
Feedback: Class A networks provide for 126 unique networks, each having up to 16,777,214 hosts.

Q: What does the IP address of 10.240.0.0 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 represent?
- A loopback address
- A network address
- A broadcast address
- A multicast address
A: A network address
Feedback: An IP address with all 0s in the host ID describes the network. In this case, the host ID portion of the address is the last octet.

Q: Which of the following represent valid IPv6 addresses?
- FDC0:X:X:02BD:FF:BECB:FEF4:961D
- FDC0:0:0:02BD:FF:BECB:FEF4:961D
- FDC0:0000:0000:02BD:00FF:BECB:FEF4:961D
- FDC0::02BD:FF:BECB:FEF4:961D
A: FDC0:0:0:02BD:FF:BECB:FEF4:961D; FDC0:0000:0000:02BD:00FF:BECB:FEF4:961D; FDC0::02BD:FF:BECB:FEF4:961D
Feedback: Unlike IPv4 addresses, which use decimal notation, IPv6 addresses use hexadecimal notation, in the form of 8 two-byte values, separated by colons: XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX In hexadecimal (or base 16) notation, each digit can have a value from 0 to 9 or A to F, for a total of 16 possible values. Each X is a hexadecimal value for one byte, resulting in a total of 16 bytes, or 128 bits. An example of an IPv6 address is FDC0:0000:0000:02BD:00FF:BECB:FEF4:961D To simplify the address somewhat, you can remove the leading zeroes: FDC0:0:0:02BD:FF:BECB:FEF4:961D To simplify the notation further, you can eliminate the zero blocks from an address and replace them with a double colon: FDC0::02BD:FF:BECB:FEF4:961D

Q: Firewalls typically base their filtering on the TCP/IP characteristics at the network, transport, and application layers using what information? (Choose all that apply.)
- IP addresses
- Ports
- Protocol numbers
- Encryption algorithm
A: IP addresses; Ports; Protocol numbers
Feedback: Firewalls typically base their filtering on the TCP/IP characteristics at the network, transport, and application layers, as follows: - IP addresses: Represent specific computers on the network. - Protocol numbers: Identify the transport layer protocol being used by the packets. - Port numbers: Identify specific applications running on the computer.

Q: Which troubleshooting utility allows you to generate DNS request messages and transmit them to specific DNS servers on the network?
- tracert
- pathping
- netstat
- nslookup
A: nslookup
Feedback: The Nslookup.exe command-line utility enables you to generate DNS request messages and transmit them to specific DNS servers on the network. The advantage of Nslookup.exe is that you can test the functionality and the quality of the information on a specific DNS server by specifying it on the command line.