Title: Exam 3
Course: SAT 170 Introductory Biotechnology > Section: SAT 170 Introductory Biotechnology

Q: Which of the following correctly defines the term pluripotent?
- the ability to differentiate into any cell type
- the ability to differentiate into many different cell types
- the ability to differentiate into a few different cell types
- the ability to differentiate into one cell type
- the ability to differentiate into two cell types
A: the ability to differentiate into many different cell types

Q: Which of the following is true regarding aseptic technique?
- it is a set of practices that are used in the laboratory setting to inhibit contamination of tissue cultures by microorganisms
- it is a set of practices that are used in the laboratory setting to inhibit contamination of your environment from the bacteria that you are trying to culture
- it involves the use heat and/or disinfectants to sterilize your tools and work space
- it involves minimizing exposure of media to the environment
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: Which of the following correctly describes senescence?
- the removal of the nucleus from a cell
- the modifications to the genome that do not alter the DNA itself, but rather how that DNA is expressed
- a resting stage for cells where they stop dividing to produce new cells
- the malfunction of a bioreactor
- the placement of primary cells on a scaffold
A: a resting stage for cells where they stop dividing to produce new cells

Q: Which of the following occurs during the process known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?
- the nucleus is removed from an egg
- the nucleus is removed from a somatic cell
- the nucleus from a somatic cell is placed into an egg
- an egg which has received the nucleus of a somatic cell is placed into a surrogate for development
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: Which of the following correctly identifies a potential application of cell cultures?
- they can be used to create protein factories
- they can be used to develop tissues and organs for transplant
- they can be used to study the effect of certain compounds on cells
- they can be used to generate clones of plants with specific desired traits
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: Which of the following correctly defines selective media?
- it is the growth medium used for the routine growth of non-fastidous bacteria
- it is liquid media which is placed in test tubes
- it is a special type of media which can inhibit the growth of certain organisms, and/or promote the growth of other organisms
- it is the growth medium that is used specifically for the micropropagation of plants
- none of the above
A: it is a special type of media which can inhibit the growth of certain organisms, and/or promote the growth of other organisms

Q: Which of the following is not true regarding viruses?
- they lack basic cell structure
- they have a protein coat
- they may have a lipid coat
- they must have a host cell to replicate
- they must have a DNA genome
A: they must have a DNA genome

Q: Which of the following correctly describes phytoremediation?
- the use of living organisms, usually microorganisms to remove minerals from ore
- the use of microorganisms in food production
- the use of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics
- the removal of pollutants from the environment using fungal organisms
- the removal of pollutants from the environment using plants
A: the removal of pollutants from the environment using plants

Q: Which of the following correctly describes the difference between ex situ and in situ bioremediation?
- in situ bioremediation requires that microorganisms remove pollutants from the surface of something while ex situ bioremediation uses microorganisms that remove pollutants from air
- in situ bioremediation relies of microorganisms while ex situ bioremediation relies on plants
- in situ bioremediation occurs relies on microorganisms that are already present at the site of contamination while ex situ bioremediation relies on bringing in foreign microorganisms to the site of
- in situ bioremediation occurs at the site of contamination while ex situ bioremediation relies on the contaminants being moved to another site for the removal of pollutants
- none of the above
A: in situ bioremediation occurs at the site of contamination while ex situ bioremediation relies on the contaminants being moved to another site for the removal of pollutants

Q: Which of the following correctly describes the process known as biomining?
- the use of living organisms, usually microorganisms to remove minerals from ore
- the use of living organisms to remove pollutants from the environment
- the examination of the variety of different life forms present in a particular geographical area
- the examination of a genome collected from an environmental sample
- the examination of microorganisms that live at different sites in and on your body
A: the use of living organisms, usually microorganisms to remove minerals from ore

Q: Which of the following correctly describes a lithotroph?
- an organism that can survive in extreme temperatures
- an organism that can survive in acidic environments
- an organism that can survive in the absence of oxygen
- an organism that uses organic nutrients, such as carbohydrates and fats as part of their metabolism
- an organism that uses inorganic nutrients, such as minerals as part of their metabolism
A: an organism that uses organic nutrients, such as carbohydrates and fats as part of their metabolism

Q: Which of the following correctly describes an ore?
- it is the remnants of traditional mining
- it is a type of rock that contains valuable minerals
- it is another name for a microorganism that is used in the process of biomining
- it is another name for a microorganism that can survive in acidic environments
- it is a type of antibiotic resistance gene
A: it is a type of rock that contains valuable minerals

Q: Which of the following correctly describes a metabolome?
- the variety of different life forms present in a particular geographical area
- complete collection of metabolites in a biological sample
- a particular geographical area of the planet that has a specific type of biodiversity and climate
- a genome collected from an environmental sample
- the collection of microorganisms that live at different sites in and on your body
A: complete collection of metabolites in a biological sample

Q: Which of the following organisms are studied in the field of microbiology?
- bacteria
- fungi
- archaea
- protists
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: Which of the following methods can be used for producing transgenic animals?
- cell culture
- scaffolding
- gene gun
- hybridization
- all of the above
A: gene gun

Q: Which of the following correctly defines food security?
- it is a measure of the amount of pathogens and contaminants that are present in the food supply
- it is a measure of how available and accessible food is to an individual or group of individuals
- it is a measure of how much of the food supply contains genetically modified organisms
- it is a measure of how much of the food supply is organic
- none of the above
A: it is a measure of how available and accessible food is to an individual or group of individuals

Q: Which of the following correctly identifies the benefit of chloroplast engineering?
- plants are more easily modified with chloroplast DNA compared with nuclear DNA
- plants that have been modified through chloroplast engineering do not easily spread from one area to another since chloroplasts are not transferred in pollen
- plants that are modified through chloroplast engineering are more stable
- modifications of chloroplast DNA can be accomplished through protoplast fusion
- chloroplast engineering can be patented while changes to nuclear DNA cannot be patented
A: plants that have been modified through chloroplast engineering do not easily spread from one area to another since chloroplasts are not transferred in pollen

Q: Which of the following correctly describes the Cry gene?
- it is carried by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens
- it codes for the Bt toxin
- it is part of the tumor inducing (TI) plasmid
- all of the above
- only the first and second options are true
A: it codes for the Bt toxin

Q: Which of the following transgenic organisms has been modified to provide enhanced nutritional value?
- Round-up ready soybeans
- Golden rice
- FlavrSavr tomatoes
- Enviropig
- all of the above
A: Golden rice

Q: Which of the following is true regarding electroporation?
- it is a method that is used for the production of biofuels
- it is the movement of unrelated genetic material into a breeding line of organisms
- it is the use of an electrical current to increase the permeability of an organisms cell membrane
- •it is a plant, bacterial or fungal cell which has had its cell wall removed
- it is the use of a particle delivery device used to incorporate metal beads carrying segments of DNA into host cells
A: it is the use of an electrical current to increase the permeability of an organisms cell membrane

Q: Enulceation is the study of modifications to the genome that do not alter the DNA itself, but rather how that DNA is expressed.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Embryonic stem cells collected from the morula stage of the embryo are pluripotent.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Cloning can be used to increase the numbers of individuals in an endangered species.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technique used to generate animal clones.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Sabouraud agar is used primarily for the culture of fungal organisms.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: A cell line is the collection of cells that are found within the blastocyst of an embryo.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Cells that have been collected from an organism to establish a primary cell culture are known as seed cells.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Antibiotic resistance is characterized by our bodies becoming immune to an antibiotic.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Symbiosis is an interaction between organisms and the metabolites in their environment.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Biomining is advantageous over traditional biomining methods because it does not require the use of extreme heat and chemicals.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Bacteria are considered to be the primary source of restriction enzymes.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Viruses can function as cloning vectors for the construction of DNA libraries.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Broad spectrum antibiotics are widely used because they can target specific organisms.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: The variety of different life forms present in a particular geographical area is known as a biome.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Dicots are plants that develop from a seed embryo which has two halves and can be successfully transformed using the tumor inducing (TI) plasmid.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Antisense RNA is a strand of RNA that is complementary to the mRNA which codes for a particular protein.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Glyophosphate is an enzyme that is necessary for the growth and survival of plants.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Lactoferrin is a hormone which is used to stimulate and prolong milk production in dairy cows.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Biofuels are fuels which are produced from organic matter, such as that generated from the biomass of a living thing.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Embryonic stem cells can be used for the production of transgenic animals.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: _____ is a vessel or chamber that is used to grow living organisms or support biological processes.

Q: _____stem cells are those which can develop into a few different cell types.

Q: _____ stem cells have been reprogrammed to be able to differentiate into many different cell types.

Q: A _____ is an acellular parasite that can only replicate inside the cells of a living organism

Q: _____are organisms which thrive at elevated temperatures.

Q: The complete collection of microorganisms in a given area is known as a _____.

Q: The collection of microorganisms that live at different sites in and on your body is known as your _____.

Q: A _____ is a complex of enzymes needed to convert milk into cheese.

Q: _____ is an enzyme that is involved in the ripening of fruits.

Q: A _____ is a plant, bacterial or fungal cell which has had its cell wall removed.

Q: Describe the epigenetic modifications known as histone acetylation and DNA methylation. Explain why epigenetic modifications make cloning with somatic cell nuclear transfer more difficult.

Q: List and describe five roles that microorganisms play in the field of biotechnology.

Q: List and describe five applications of biotechnology in the field of agriculture.

Q: What is a biosabateur? What are some of the potential benefits of using biosabateurs in the field of agriculture?