Title: Unit 5 Key Terms
Course: SAT 170 Introductory Biotechnology > Section: SAT 170 Introductory Biotechnology

Unit 5 Key Terms

Terms

Term | Definitions
Active Site | the location within the enzyme where the substrate binds
Amino Acid | monomer subunit or, building block, of proteins
Carrier Protein | membrane protein which is able to assist in the transport of materials across the cell membrane by changing its shape as it carries materials from one side of the membrane to the other
Centrifuge | a piece of equipment that puts objects under rotational force using some type of motor; often used to separate materials based on their weight or density
Channel protein | membrane protein which contains a pore, or channel, for the passage of materials across the cell membrane
Chromatography | a laboratory technique used for separating components of a mixture using a mobile phase (or solvent) and a stationary phase (phase to which the mixture is applied)
Denaturation | the process by which a protein loses its functional, threedimensional shape
Eastern Blot | a lab method which takes proteins that have been separated by electrophoresis and then applies molecular tags to detect post-translational modifications of those proteins
Enzyme | a protein catalyst which functions to speed up the rate of chemical reactions
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): | a lab method used for the detection of molecules by creating a sandwich of that molecule which binds to specific antibodies and labeled antibodies which bind to the specific antibodies
Filtration | a process that uses some type of membrane or filter which contains pores of various sizes to separate materials based on their size
Gel electrophoresis | a laboratory technique used for separating molecules using a gel matrix and a buffer that conducts an electrical current
Glycoprotein | protein which has a carbohydrate attached; typically embedded within the cell membrane and functions in cell recognition
Glycosylation | a post-translational modification in which a carbohydrate is added to a protein product
Post-translational modifications | a type of modification, such as the addition of a carbohydrate or lipid, to a polypeptide chain which occurs after the translation of that protein is complete
Proteome | an organisms complete set of proteins
Proteomics | a field of science dedicated to studying the types and functions of proteins in living things
Substrate | a substance upon which an enzyme acts
Western Blot | a lab method which takes molecules that have been separated by electrophoresis and then applies antibodies to those molecules to confirm or identify whether or not specific molecules were present