Title: Exam 1
Course: SAT 170 Introductory Biotechnology > Section: SAT 170 Introductory Biotechnology

Q: Which of the following correctly describes the field known as bioinformatics?
- a field of science which relies on living organisms or their products to create technological advances, for human purposes
- a science focused on cultivation of plants and animal farming; often uses large plots to grow single crops
- a science focused on cultivation of plants; often uses small plots which incorporate a large variety of plants
- a field which uses computer science to evaluate the sequence of a gene and the structure of the protein produced by the gene
- type of biotechnology which uses microorganisms to produce food or other industrial products
A: a field which uses computer science to evaluate the sequence of a gene and the structure of the protein produced by the gene

Q: Which of the following correctly describes a genetically modified organism?
- an organism that has been cloned using embryonic cells
- organisms which have been given a gene from a different organism so that they may exhibit a characteristic that they would not otherwise possess
- an organism that has been cloned using adult cells
- a patented man-made organism
- an organism whose entire genome has been sequenced
A: organisms which have been given a gene from a different organism so that they may exhibit a characteristic that they would not otherwise possess

Q: Which of the following components of the cell membrane functions in cell recognition?
- proteins
- phospholipids
- carbohydrates
- cholesterol
- all of the above
A: carbohydrates

Q: Which of the following is considered to be part of the process of making copies of DNA molecules using molecular cloning?
- a piece of DNA is isolated from one organism
- a piece of foreign DNA is inserted into another organism
- an organism makes copies of a foreign piece of DNA
- all of the above
- (a) and (b) only
A: all of the above

Q: Which of the following correctly describes active transport?
- movement of substances from high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached with the help of a transport protein
- movement of water from high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached
- movement of materials from low concentration to high concentration and it requires energy (ATP) as well as a transport protein
- movement of large materials into the cell by forming vesicles around that material using portions of the cell membrane
- movement of large materials out of the cell by fusing a vesicle with the cell membrane to dump that material out of the cell
A: movement of materials from low concentration to high concentration and it requires energy (ATP) as well as a transport protein

Q: Which of the following are considered to be eukaryotes?
- protists
- fungi
- plants
- animals
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: Which of the following cell structures is known to aid in cell movement?
- cilia
- flagella
- peroxisome
- all of the above
- (a) and (b) only
A: (a) and (b) only

Q: Which of the following correctly describes the function of the golgi complex?
- rigid barrier which is located outside the cell membrane of certain cell types
- series of membrane bound structures which receive, modify, and package the products of the ER
- membrane bound structure which destroys harmful byproducts of metabolism
- series of membrane bound structures which manufacture products such as proteins and lipids for the cell
- site of protein synthesis
A: series of membrane bound structures which receive, modify, and package the products of the ER

Q: Which of the following is part of the Cell Theory?
- Cells are the smallest unit of life
- All living things are composed of cells
- Cells arise from pre-existing cells
- all of the above
- (a) and (b) only
A: all of the above

Q: A particular DNA sample is composed of 20% cytosine. What percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?
- 20%
- 60%
- 30%
- 40%
- 80%
A: 30%

Q: Which of the following is true regarding the experiment conducted by the researchers Hershey and Chase?
- it was a transformation experiment using different strains of the bacterium Streptococcus pneumonia
- it involved the isolation and purification of DNA fibers for x-ray crystallography
- it was an experiment that determined which component of a bacteriophage virus infected its bacterial host cells
- it involved examining the nucleotide composition of DNA samples collected from several different species
- none of the above
A: it was an experiment that determined which component of a bacteriophage virus infected its bacterial host cells

Q: Which of the following enzymes is capable of degrading nucleic acids?
- RNA polymerase
- DNA polymerase
- nuclease
- primase
- ligase
A: nuclease

Q: Which of the following genetic mutations is illustrated below?

Normal Gene Sequence: ABCDEF

Mutated Gene Sequence: ABFEDC
- deletion
- translocation
- duplication
- point mutation
- inversion
A: translocation

Q: Which of the following is not a key player of translation?
- RNA polymerase
- mRNA
- tRNA
- ribosomes
- amino acids
A: RNA polymerase

Q: Which of the following occurs during codon recognition of translation elongation?
- a tRNA in the P site transfers its amino acid to the tRNA in the A site
- a tRNA binds to the codon in the A site
- a tRNA which has recently transferred its amino acid moves from the P site to the E site to exit
- a tRNA which is carrying the growing chain of amino acids moves from the A site to the P site
- both (c) and (d)
A: a tRNA in the P site transfers its amino acid to the tRNA in the A site

Q: A karyotype is the shape, appearance and number of chromosomes in an individual’s cells.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: A scientific theory is an idea that has been proven to be true.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: In order to solve a problem, scientists usually propose and test hypotheses.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: The presence of ribosomes is characteristic of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: The chromosome represents the loose, uncondensed, highly accessible form of DNA.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: The flow of information according to the central dogma of genetics is from RNA → DNA → Protein.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: The promoter of the transcription unit serves as the start point for transcription.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: A translocation is an example of a frameshift mutation.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: A missense mutation occurs when a codon is changed in such a way that it codes for a different amino acid.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: A series of adenines are attached to the 3’ end of the mRNA molecule to protect it from degradation.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: In an RNA molecule, guanine (G) is replaced by uracil (U).
- True
- False
A: False

Q: The cholesterol of the plasma membrane functions to maintain membrane fluidity.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Phospholipids form the bilayer of the plasma membrane as the hydrophilic regions orient toward the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid, while the hydrophobic regions orient toward the center of the bilayer.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Cross-breeding plants that produce large fruit to produce offspring that also produce large fruit is an example of one of the first applications of biotechnology known as selective breeding.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: The _____ is the first food created by the use of recombinant DNA technology.

Q: _____ is the movement of large materials into the cell using vesicles.

Q: An organisms complete set of genes, encoded in their DNA is known as their _____.

Q: Ribosomes contain a special type of RNA known as _____.

Q: The ______ daughter strand of DNA replication runs 5’→3’ parallel to the direction of replication and is synthesized continuously.

Q: _____ carried out the transformation experiment which helped to elucidate the role of DNA as the genetic material.

Q: The base pairs of a DNA molecule are held together by _____ bonds.

Q: The amino acids of a protein are held together by _____ bonds.

Q: A DNA template with the sequence AACTG, will be copied into an mRNA with the sequence _____.

Q: _____ is a science focused on cultivation of plants which often uses small plots that incorporate a large variety of plants.

Q: Using a specific example, list and describe the five steps of scientific method.

Q: Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Provide at least three similarities and/or differences.

Q: Explain the role of complementary base pairing in DNA replication and gene expression.

Q: Describe two differences in the process of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.