Title: Unit 1 Review
Course: SAT 170 Introductory Biotechnology > Section: SAT 170 Introductory Biotechnology

Q: A control group in an experiment attempts to control the outcome of that experiment.
- True
- False (The purpose of the control group is to serve as a comparison for the experimental group.)
A: False

Q: A scientific theory is an idea that has been proven to be true.
- True
- False (We are never able to prove something to be absolutely true because there may always be factors that are outside our ability to measure that may be impacting our experiments. Instead, we can only support or refute our ideas. Once an idea, or hypothesis, has been repeatedly supported we accept it as theory.)
A: False

Q: Using a specific example, list and describe the five steps of scientific method.

Q: Define biotechnology.

Q: What exactly is a genetically modified organism?

Q: In order to solve a problem, scientists usually propose and test ______________________.
A: hypotheses
If right: hypotheses

Q: What are the different types of biotechnology? Briefly explain the focus of each type.
Feedback: Red biotechnology has medical applications. White biotechnology has industrial applications. Blue biotechnology involves the use of marine and freshwater organisms for a variety of medical, environmental and industrial purposes. Forensic biotechnology focuses on using biotechnology in criminal investigations. Environmental biotechnology is bioremediation which is used to reduce pollutants in our environment.

Q: Explain the importance of the FlavrSavr tomato to biotechnology.
Feedback: The FlavrSavr tomatoe is the first food created by recombinant DNA technology to ever go on sale.

Q: What is the significance of Dolly the sheep to the field of biotechnology?
Feedback: Dolly is the first mammal to be cloned from adult cells. This sheep brought a significant amount of public attention to the process of animal cloning.

Q: What is the Define antibiotic. How do these compounds represent a form of biotechnology?of Dolly the sheep to the field of biotechnology?
Feedback: Antibiotics are compounds that are used to treat infections because they are able to destroy or inhibit the growth of microbes. These compounds represent a form of biotechnology because the majority of them have been isolated from microorganisms. Microbes produce these compounds to defend themselves against other microbes. We have isolated and purified these compounds from living organisms to use them in the medical field.

Q: What is the Human Genome Project? What is the potential of such a project?
Feedback: The human genome project is an international research project whose goal was to discover the specific sequence of nucleotides in the entire human genome. Having the information for the entire human genome can give us a better understanding of the causes of diseases and how to treat them. It can also shed light on our evolutionary history as we are able to compare the human genome to that of other living things.

Q: What is bioinformatics? How is this field of science related to biotechnology?
Feedback: Bioinformatics investigates methods for the storage and analysis of biological data. It is necessary for our understanding of the thousands of genes that make up the human genome and the proteins for which those genes code.

Q: Explain two roles of microorganisms in the field of biotechnology.
Feedback: Microorganisms play many roles in biotechnology. They are used as factories for producing industrial and therapeutic compounds. The techniques for transferring genetic information from one organism to another rely heavily on viruses and features of other microorganisms. They may also be used as bioweapons

Q: An application of agricultural technology known as ______________________ relies on plants as sources of pharmaceutical products.
A: molecular / pharming
If right: Microorganisms play many roles in biotechnology. They are used as factories for producing industrial and therapeutic compounds. The techniques for transferring genetic information from one organism to another rely heavily on viruses and features of other microorganisms. They may also be used as bioweapons
If wrong: Microorganisms play many roles in biotechnology. They are used as factories for producing industrial and therapeutic compounds. The techniques for transferring genetic information from one organism to another rely heavily on viruses and features of other microorganisms. They may also be used as bioweapons

Q: Explain two roles of animals in the field of biotechnology.
Feedback: Like microorganism, animals can also be used as factories for industrial and therapeutic compounds. In several instances, the consumption of the animal or their products is also a delivery system for therapeutics. Animals, including mammals, have been integral in the development of cloning procedures. Many animals also serve as models for lab testing.

Q: Briefly describe the process of making copies of DNA molecules using molecular cloning.
Feedback: During molecular cloning, a piece of DNA can be removed from one organism and then reinserted into another organism. The organism that receives the gene is said to be modified. It cannot only make copies of that gene, but also produce the protein for which that gene codes.

Q: What is bioremediation?
Feedback: Bioremediation is the use of organisms (often microorganisms) to remove pollutants from the environment.