Title: Unit 10 Key Terms
Course: SAT 170 Introductory Biotechnology > Section: SAT 170 Introductory Biotechnology

Unit 10 Key Terms

Terms

Term | Definitions
Agriculture | a science focused on cultivation of plants and animal farming; often uses large plots to grow single crops
Agrobacterium tumefaciens | species of bacterium which carries the TI plasmid and causes crown gall disease in many significant agricultural crops; has received an updated scientific name of Rhizobium radiobacter
Antisense DNA | a strand of DNA that is complementary to the strand which carries the code for a particular protein
Antisense RNA | a strand of RNA that is complementary to the mRNA which codes for a particular protein
Bacillus thuringiensis | species of bacteria which is the source of the Cry gene which codes for the Bt toxin
Bovine growth hormone (BGH) | a hormone which is used to stimulate and prolong milk production in dairy cows; also known as bovine somatotropin
Bt toxin | an toxin that causes perforation of the intestinal tract of many insects; naturally produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis
Chloroplast engineering | modifications of the DNA found within the cellular organelle known as the chloroplast
Cisgenesis | the process of incorporating a foreign gene or segment of DNA into an organism from a closely related organism with which it could naturally breed
Dicotyledon | plants that develop from two seed halves; commonly referred to as dicots
Food security | a measure how available and how accessible food is to an individual or group of individuals
Gene gun | particle delivery device used to incorporate metal beads carrying segments of DNA into host cells
Grafting | a form of plant cloning where a portion of one plant is removed and joined with the root system of another plant
Hybridization | the crossing of two genetically distinct individuals to create hybrid offspring
Micropropagation | modern plant cloning method which involves transferring cells or tissues from a plant to the appropriate growth medium
Monocotyledon | plants which develop from a single seed; commonly referred to as monocots
Plant Cutting | a form of plant cloning where a portion of a plant (often a stem or root) is removed from the original plant and placed in the appropriate conditions for it to grow into a new complete plant
Polygalactonurase | an enzyme which is produced in plants that serves a role in the ripening process of that plants fruit
Protoplast | plant, bacterial or fungal cell which has had its cell wall removed
Protoplast fusion | the fusion of two different protoplast cells to create a hybrid cell
Renne | a complex of enzymes needed for the conversion of milk into cheese products
Self-fertilization | the fusion of sperm and egg from the same individual to create like offspring
Transgene | a gene or segment of DNA that has been transferred from one organism into another organism
Transgenesis | the process of incorporating a foreign gene or segment of DNA into an unrelated organism that does not naturally carry that gene or DNA
Transgenic | an organism that has been genetically modified to carry a foreign gene or segment of DNA
Tumor Inducing (TI) Plasmid | circular, double stranded piece of DNA that carries the necessary DNA for causing the tumors of crown gall disease into plant hosts; found in certain bacterial cells such as Agrobacterium tumefaci ...