Title: Unit 9 Review
Course: SAT 170 Introductory Biotechnology > Section: SAT 170 Introductory Biotechnology

Q: Nutrient agar is a growth medium used to culture all types of bacteria.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: What is the purpose of using Sabouraud agar for the growth of fungal cultures?

Q: ________________________________ is a set of practices that are used in the laboratory setting to inhibit contamination by microorganisms, especially in cell and tissue cultures.

Q: Compare and contrast the plant culturing methods known as plant cutting and grafting

Q: What is a bioreactor?

Q: Stem cells can be used to grow tissues and organs for transplant.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: What is the difference between solid and liquid growth media?

Q: Micropropagation is a modern plant cloning method which involves transferring cells or tissues from a plant to the appropriate growth medium
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Why is aseptic technique important when growing tissue cultures?

Q: What is selective media?

Q: Bacterial and fungal cultures are useful for creating medical and industrial protein products.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Describe the epigenetic modifications known as histone acetylation and DNA methylation

Q: Explain why epigenetic modifications make cloning with somatic cell nuclear transfer more difficult

Q: What are primary cells?

Q: What are two applications of cell cultures?

Q: What are two applications of cloning?

Q: Describe the cloning process known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).

Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of using adult stem (AS) cells?

Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of using embryonic stem (ES) cells?

Q: Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been reprogrammed to be able to differentiate into any cell type.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Which of the following correctly describes a lithophile?
- an organism that can survive in extreme temperatures
- an organism that can survive in acidic environments
- an organism that can survive in the absence of oxygen
- an organism that uses organic nutrients, such as carbohydrates and fats as part of their metabolism
- an organism that uses inorganic nutrients, such as minerals as part of their metabolism
A: an organism that uses inorganic nutrients, such as minerals as part of their metabolism

Q: Biomining is the use of living organisms to remove pollutants from the environment.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: A(n) __________________________ is a genome collected from an environmental sample.

Q: What is the difference between the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) and the Human Microbiome Project (HMP)?

Q: Which of the following correctly describes an ore?
- it is the remnants of traditional mining
- it is a type of rock that contains valuable minerals
- it is another name for a microorganism that is used in the process of biomining
- it is another name for a microorganism that can survive in acidic environments
- it is a type of antibiotic resistance gene
A: it is a type of rock that contains valuable minerals

Q: List and describe at least three roles that microorganisms play in the field of biotechnology.

Q: __________________________ is the variety of different life forms present in a particular geographical area.

Q: Although viruses are not considered living things, they are studied in the field of microbiology. Why?

Q: How is a metagenome different that the genomes that we discussed in previous units?

Q: What is a metabolome? Why is it an important part of the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP)?

Q: Explain why the concept of symbiosis is used to explain the microbial flora of our bodies.

Q: What is the difference between in situ and ex situ bioremediation?

Q: __________________________ are intermediates and products of metabolism.

Q: What is a mine tailing? Why are mine tailings problematic for our environment?

Q: What are two advantages of biomining compared to traditional mining methods?

Q: The forms of bioremediation that use fungi and plants to remove pollutants from the environment are known as __________________________ and __________________________, respectively.

Q: What is antibiotic resistance?

Q: Explain how antibiotic resistance genes can be used as a selectable marker for genetically modified bacteria.

Q: What are two factors that are thought to increase the development of antibiotic resistance genes? Briefly explain each.

Q: Give two examples of cloning vectors that are provided by microorganisms.