Title: Unit 13 Quiz
Course: BIS 105 Environmental Biology > Section: BIS 105 Environmental Biology

Q: Which 2 countries produce the most greenhouse gases today?
- Russia
- Saudi Arabia
- Canada
- United States
- Australia
- India
- China
A: United States; China

Q: The largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the United States is ________, followed by ________.
- electricity generation; industry
- agriculture; electricity generation
- agriculture; transportation
- electricity generation; transportation
- electricity generation; agriculture
A: electricity generation; transportation

Q: What is the difference between climate and weather?
- Weather is the average of climate
- Climate changes, but weather doesn’t
- Climate is the average of weather
- Weather changes, but climate doesn’t
- Nothing; they’re different words for the same concept
A: Climate is the average of weather

Q: Over the past 800,000 years, when was carbon dioxide in the atmosphere the highest?
- at the peak of the last interglacial period, about 100,000 years ago
- at the peak of the last glacial period, about 10,000 years ago
- around 800,000 years ago
- around 1850
- today
A: today

Q: Which of the following gases has the greatest impact on global climate change?
- methane
- carbon dioxide
- nitrogen dioxide
- carbon monoxide
- ozone
A: carbon dioxide

Q: The most effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is to increase
- our reliance on widely available natural gas resources.
- our reliance on widely available natural gas resources.
- energy efficiency and renewable energy.
- use of clean coal technology.
- the number of lanes on highways to reduce congestion.
A: energy efficiency and renewable energy.

Q: What part of the glacial cycle are we currently in?
- mid-glacial
- early-glacial
- pre-glacial
- interglacial
- end-glacial
A: interglacial

Q: The greenhouse effect involves warming of Earth's surface and the ________.
- troposphere
- mesosphere
- stratosphere
- thermosphere
- ionosphere
A: troposphere

Q: The most recent analyses of polar ice cores have given us the ability to profile global climate change back as far as ________ years.
- 1,000
- 100,000
- 800,000
- 3,000,000
- 65,000,000
A: 800,000

Q: Increasing levels of greenhouse gases have caused a
- increase in ocean temperatures and an increase in ocean pH.
- decrease in ocean temperatures but an increase in ocean pH.
- decrease in ocean temperatures and a decrease in ocean pH.
- increase in ocean temperatures but a decrease in ocean pH.
- increase in ocean temperatures and a doubling of ocean pH
A: increase in ocean temperatures but a decrease in ocean pH.

Q: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ________.
- performed the breakthrough research included in the climate change findings
- is an international panel that concluded that climate change has influenced biomes and economies
- constructed the international Kyoto Protocol
- fines companies that pollute
- was the most successful international effort regarding an environmental issue
A: is an international panel that concluded that climate change has influenced biomes and economies

Q: Why would decreased temperatures increase the proportion of “light” stable isotope water relative to “heavy” stable isotope water in the atmosphere?
- light stable isotopes have high albedos, and so reflect more sunlight, cooling the Earth
- heavy stable isotopes are much rarer
- low temperatures decrease the energy available to evaporate heavy isotope water
- light stable isotopes are less likely to experience nuclear decay in cooler conditions
- all of the above
A: low temperatures decrease the energy available to evaporate heavy isotope water

Q: The Kyoto Protocol ________.
- increased federal funding for controlling greenhouse gas emissions from U.S. power plants
- required equal concessions from all countries involved in greenhouse gas emission
- required increases in nuclear power generation
- was intended to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases to levels lower than those of 1990
- would have resulted in overall increases in greenhouse emissions
A: was intended to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases to levels lower than those of 1990

Q: Describe at least two methods scientists use to learn about the Earth's climatic history.

Q: Milankovitch cycles ________.
- describe upwelling and downwelling in the ocean
- describe the transpiration, evaporation, and precipitation of Earth's water
- describe the timing of the northern lights in the thermosphere
- refer to shifts in the temperature of surface water in the middle latitudes of the Pacific Ocean
- are changes in Earth's rotation and orbit around the sun that may trigger climate variation
A: are changes in Earth's rotation and orbit around the sun that may trigger climate variation

Q: If there was no atmosphere, the Earth’s average temperature would be about -18 degrees Celsius (which is below 0 degrees Fahrenheit). The Earth is much warmer than this! Why?
- The sun has become much hotter over geological time
- Human emissions of carbon dioxide have vastly increased the Earth’s temperature
- Periodic volcanic eruptions put soot in the Earth’s atmosphere, warming the Earth
- The Earth’s atmosphere traps heat like a natural greenhouse
- The sunspot cycle is currently warming the Earth
A: The Earth’s atmosphere traps heat like a natural greenhouse

Q: Global warming will raise sea levels because of____ (select all that apply)
- thermal expansion.
- melting ice.
- compressed ocean basins by continental drift.
- increased precipitation over the oceans.
- ncreased use of irrigation on land.
A: thermal expansion.; melting ice.

Q: What does the “snowball Earth” hypothesis claim?
- that the Earth goes through episodes every 100,000 years of extreme glaciation
- that the dinosaurs may have been made extinct partly due to climate change
- that the Earth is in a warming phase due to the expansion of the ocean
- that the high albedo of ice cools the Earth, which in turn leads to more ice
- all of the above
A: that the high albedo of ice cools the Earth, which in turn leads to more ice

Q: The most dramatic temperature shifts in the past few decades have been
- in the innermost regions of the North American and African continents.
- on land near the equator.
- in the oceans nearest the equator.
- in the northern polar region.
- in the midwest USA.
A: in the northern polar region.