Title: Final Exam
Course: BFM 101 Biofuels Fundamentals > Section: BFM 101 Biofuels Fundamentals

Q: Ecological Intensification is described as:
- the concept of raising grain yields closer to their genetic potential
- reducing environmental consequences of soil degradation
- increasing yield on currently cultivated lands
- preventing expansion of crop production onto marginal or sensitive lands
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: Ecological Intensification relies solely on biotechnology to achieve its desired goals.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: The Earth is known as the Blue Planet because 70 percent of its surface is covered with water; what is the percent of water available on land?
- 30%
- 1.5%
- 2.4%
- 10%
A: 2.4%

Q: Which of the following is a potential threat to water resources sustainability in the North Central Region?
- increased bioenergy feedstock production on irrigated land
- inefficient bioenergy processing facilities
- production of annual bioenergy crops on former CRP land
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: Which of the following are not processes in the Water Cycle?
- condensation and precipitation
- production and cultivation
- evaporation and transpiration
- runoff and infiltration
A: production and cultivation

Q: Which of the following describes water that is available for evapotranspiration?
- water accumulated in clouds
- runoff water from rainfall
- water that evaporates from ponds
- water held as soil moisture
A: water held as soil moisture

Q: Embedded water in ethanol is greatest in what state?
- Ohio
- Kansas
- Iowa
- Nebraska
A: Kansas

Q: Studies have shown that field-to-pump water use to produce one gallon of ethanol is what range?
- 69 to 201 gallons of water per gallon of ethanol
- 5 to 528 gallons of water per gallon of ethanol
- 10,000 to 50,000 gallons of water per gallon of ethanol
- over 100,000 gallons of water per gallon of ethanol
A: 69 to 201 gallons of water per gallon of ethanol

Q: The greatest water use in the life-cycle of corn-grain ethanol is what?
- water used in the processing facility
- water consumed to grow the feedstock
- water used to harvest, dry and deliver the grain
- none of the above
A: water consumed to grow the feedstock

Q: The North Central states produced how many gallons of ethanol in 2010?
- less than 6 billion gallons
- nearly 12 billion gallons
- over 25 billion gallons
- just under 53 billion gallons
A: nearly 12 billion gallons

Q: Which of the following processes in corn-grain ethanol dry mill processing uses the most water?
- drying
- cooling tower
- boiler
A: cooling tower

Q: Agriculture accounts for what percentage of the nationÕs consumptive water use?
- 33%
- 59%
- 72%
- 80%
A: 80%

Q: Converting land from CRP to crop production requires careful planning to achieve these goals (check all that apply)?
- avoid violating CRP contracts by killing grass too early
- provide sufficient nutrients to the crop in the first year after CRP
- remove all grass cover so soil can be worked more easily
- provide a long-term goal of crop productivity and soil and water protection
A: avoid violating CRP contracts by killing grass too early; provide sufficient nutrients to the crop in the first year after CRP; provide a long-term goal of crop productivity and soil and water protection

Q: The Environmental Protection Agency identifies what as the number one water pollutant?
- agricultural chemicals
- agricultural animal wastes
- sediment
- litter
A: sediment

Q: Where possible, planting soybeans the first year after CRP has which of the following advantages.
- can be planted later in spring, allowing for one more application of herbicide
- seed soil contact is not critical since soybeans compensate well for skips
- little need for nitrogen application if soybeans are inoculated well
- easy to plant no-till
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: Which of the following in not a goal of Ecological Intensification?
- producing grain crops nearer their genetic potential yield
- increasing food, feed and fuel supply
- reducing environmental impacts of cultivating marginal lands
- avoiding use of modern technologies
- preserving habitat
A: avoiding use of modern technologies

Q: True or False: Most of all current ethanol production in the U.S. uses advanced processes to derive sugars from cellulosic biomass crops to ferment into ethanol.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: What are the main sources of biomass for bioenergy?
- Aquatic invertebrates, fungi, and bacteria
- Corn grain, corn stover, and switchgrass
- Agriculture, forests, and waste
A: Agriculture, forests, and waste

Q: What are the three types of conversion technology?
- Thermal, chemical and biochemical
- Combustion, pyrolysis and gasification
- Chemical agents, enzymes, microorganism
A: Thermal, chemical and biochemical

Q: Why is Bioenergy considered a renewable form of energy?
- Feedstocks for bioenergy production are derived from materials formed thousands of years ago through geological processes
- Feedstocks for bioenergy production are derived from materials formed from recently living biological material, which can be harvested and replanted
- The energy contained in the biomass is solar energy captured through natural processes of photosynthesis
- Both a & c
- Both b & c
A: Both b & c

Q: How are liquid and gas biofuels produced?
- Fermentation (to produce bioethanol)
- Gasification (to produce syngas)
- Pyrolysis (to produce syngas and char)
- Torrefaction (to produce bio-coal)
- Transesterification (to produce biodiesel)
- Anaerobic digestion (to produce pipeline quality gas)
- All of the above
A: All of the above

Q: True or False: Bioenergy by-products are insignificant in determining the profitability of a bioenergy enterprise.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: What are second generation biofuels?
- Ethanol derived from cellulosic materials, such as switchgrass or miscanthus
- Ethanol derived from the fermentation of sugar and starch crops, such as wheat, corn, or sugar cane
- Pretreatment of cellulosic biomass to break apart and release sugars for fermentation to ethanol
A: Ethanol derived from cellulosic materials, such as switchgrass or miscanthus

Q: What is a first generation biofuel?
- Ethanol derived from cellulosic materials, such as switchgrass or miscanthus
- Ethanol derived from the fermentation of sugars, derived from crops such as wheat, corn, or sugar cane
- Pretreatment of cellulosic biomass to break apart and release sugars for fermentation to ethanol
A: Ethanol derived from the fermentation of sugars, derived from crops such as wheat, corn, or sugar cane

Q: True or False: Bioenergy has the potential to be carbon-neutral.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: What are the food vs. fuel concerns with respect to bioenergy?
- Diversion of food crops for use in bioenergy
- Diversion of land that could be utilized for food crops toward cultivation of bioenergy crops
- Concern that small scale farmers in developing countries will produce and sell bioenergy commodity crops to the detriment of utilizing land, labor, and capital for the production of food crops
- Concern that policy initiatives will incentivize research and development of energy crops to the deficit of research and development initiatives that increase the productivity (and other attributes) o
- All of the above
A: All of the above

Q: What is life-cycle assessment when applied to biofuels?
- An evaluation of the energy balance in production and utilization of the biofuel
- An accounting of all greenhouse gas emissions generated in the production of the biofuel, including both agricultural and industrial processes
- An accounting of human health impacts of production and utilization of the biofuel
- All of the above
A: All of the above

Q: Why consider using marginal lands for bioenergy crops?
- Cultivation of agricultural row-crops on marginal lands can lead to high rates of soil erosion; cultivation of perennial grass crops on these lands would minimize environmental degradation
- Cultivation of perennial crops on marginal lands would not compete with land for food crops
- Conversion of steep or wet land currently in food crop production to less intensive bioenergy crops has the potential to generate more ecosystem services
- All of the above
A: All of the above

Q: The idea of Fossil Energy Ratio is:
- How much fossil fuel is used to produce a biofuel crop
- Fossil energy used to produce a crop / the energy in the biomass crop
- Diesel fuel used in farming / ethanol produced by the biomass
- Fossil energy used to produce a crop / the bioenergy derived from the crop
A: Fossil energy used to produce a crop / the bioenergy derived from the crop

Q: The renewable fuel standard calls for ____ gallons of biofuels by the year 2020.
- 20 billion gallons
- 36 billion gallons
- 50 billion gallons
- 30 billion gallons
A: 36 billion gallons

Q: As a fuel for heat and power applications, which fuel has the lowest greenhouse gas (GHG)?
- Coal
- Natural Gas
- Corn Stover
A: Corn Stover

Q: When determining the value of biomass delivered, weight in tons and moisture content is extremely important.  The recommended biomass moisture content percent should be:
- < 20 %
- > 20 %
- > 30 %
- < 30 %
A: < 20 %

Q: How much biodiesel can be made from 1 gallon of canola oil?
- 1.4 gallons
- 2.3 gallons
- 0.75 gallons
- 1.0 gallon
A: 1.0 gallon

Q: Most U.S. biodiesel is made from what oilseed crop?
- Soybean
- Canola
- Sunflower
- Corn
A: Soybean

Q: Corn grain yields a national average 152 bushels per acre. How much aboveground corn stover would this produce?
- 6.0 tons
- 2.5 tons
- 3.4 tons
- 4.2 tons
A: 4.2 tons

Q: If the minimum-use volumes of cellulosic-based ethanol are not met in the near future what will happen?
- corn-based ethanol production will increase to meet the demand
- large imported volumes of ethanol will fill the gap
- congress will revise the standard to a lower level
- research will increase production to meet the demand
- any of the above
A: any of the above

Q: True or False: The Renewable Fuels Standard suggests voluntary minimum-use volumes of biofuels in the national transportation system.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: A community development perspective would include which of the following considerations in evaluating a proposed bioenergy project?
- Whether the critical infrastructure is in place
- Whether the project is economically viable, or if a subsidy will be necessary
- The social and political climate surrounding the project/product
- The social, economic, and environmental implications of the project
- All of the above
A: All of the above

Q: Farmers utilizing crop residue as a bioenergy crop might do the following to assure a sustainable production system:
- Remove as much residue as the market can handle
- Consider how residue removal will impact the land based on the geophysical characteristics of the specific location
- Always apply extra N fertilizer to subsequent crops to offset the impact of residue removal
- Utilize scientific models (such as RUSLE2) to estimate the likely impact of residue removal for specific conditions
- Both a & c
- Both b & d
A: Both b & d

Q: True or False: a "fuelshed" is the area of feedstock supply surrounding a bioenergy conversion facility?
- True
- False
A: True