Course: BFM 101 Biofuels Fundamentals

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Establishing Bioenergy Crops

Bioenergy crops can provide benefits to the soil and environment if management practices are incorporated into the growing process and if the crop is in the right location. For example, perennial bioenergy crops, such as switchgrass, produce deep root systems that can help increase water infiltration and soil quality. Structural conservation practices, such as strip cropping, terraces, grass field buffers or diversion channels to slow water movement, reservoirs (depressions) to capture water and allow infiltration, and native vegetated strips along waterways can provide a good start at soil and water conservation. In addition, management practices, such as, conservation tillage, no-till, mulching, contour farming or deep chiseling to break up a hardpan, and the use of cover crops or perennial crops should be used to complement structural practices. Producers should select appropriate practices based on the needs of the site, the landowner preference, and the environmental sensitivity of the land.

Establishing a bioenergy crop requires assessing the site and the crop characteristics. Regional variation in crops and bioenergy crop capabilities need to be considered. Annual crops, such as soybeans and corn, are bioenergy crops, but are they best suited for the site? Perennial crops like switchgrass, Miscanthus and woody plants are alternatives that may provide better production and profit, based on inputs, environmental factors and location. Regional variations occur because of climate, rainfall, soil types, and slope. Landowner farming attitudes also play a role.

Bioenergy crops are needed. Many power plants are mixing present fuel sources with bioenergy crops. Corn cobs for example, are used as a source of fuel in Columbia, Missouri. Some states are mandating the use of renewal energy sources. Well-selected and managed bioenergy crops can promote wildlife habitat, increase soil tilth, reduce pesticide use, reduce soil erosion and increase water infiltration. Understanding how and where to establish specific bioenergy crops can increase productivity and profitability. Increased profitability, not increased production, is one of the keys to having a successfully managed bioenergy crop that meets soil and climate conditions and protects the watershed.

Resources provided by the eXtension Farm Energy Community of Practice at http://www.extension.org/ag+energy

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