Title: Exam - Respiratory, Acid-Base Exam
Course: PRN 0930 Practical Nursing I > Section: Respiratory System and Acid-Base Balance

Q: The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following except the:
- nose
- trachea
- pharynx
- larynx
A: trachea

Q: The respiratory mucosa:
- lines most of the air distribution tubes
- includes the wall of the alveoli
- includes the wall of the capillaries surrounding the alveoli
- both b and c above
A: lines most of the air distribution tubes

Q: The mucous blanket:
- only covers the nose and throat
- traps dust, pollen, and other contaminants
- only covers the alveoli and bronchioles
- both b and c above
A: traps dust, pollen, and other contaminants

Q: The respiratory mucosa helps protect the respiratory system by:
- trapping bacteria
- moving contaminated mucus towards the pharynx
- having ciliated epithelium beat in only one direction
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: Which of the following tubes does not enter or exit the pharynx?
- larynx
- esophagus
- auditory tubes
- all of these tubes enter or exit the pharynx
A: all of these tubes enter or exit the pharynx

Q: The thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) is part of the:
- larynx
- oropharynx
- nasopharynx
- trachea
A: larynx

Q: Which of these structures is not in the larynx?
- vocal cords
- palatine tonsils
- glottis
- epiglottis
A: palatine tonsils

Q: All of the following structures contain cartilage in their walls except the:
- trachea
- bronchioles
- primary bronchi
- secondary bronchi
A: bronchioles

Q: The function of the surfactant in the lung is to help:
- reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli
- trap bacteria and dust
- move bacteria and dust toward the pharynx
- both b and c above
A: reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli

Q: Which of the following statements is correct?
- The right lung has two lobes, the left lung has three lobes.
- The apex of the lung rests against the diaphragm.
- The lungs are covered by the visceral pleura.
- All of the above are correct.
A: The lungs are covered by the visceral pleura.

Q: The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the lung is called:
- cellular respiration
- internal respiration
- external respiration
- breathing
A: external respiration

Q: During expiration:
- the diaphragm relaxes and moves up into the thoracic cavity
- the chest cavity is reduced in volume
- the pressure in the thoracic cavity increases
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: The most important muscle(s) of forced expiration is (are) the:
- diaphragm
- internal intercostals
- abdominal muscles
- both b and c above
A: both b and c above

Q: The largest amount of air that can be breathed in and out in one breath is called:
- vital capacity
- residual volume
- tidal volume
- expiratory reserve volume
A: vital capacity

Q: The inspiratory and expiratory centers are located in the:
- pons
- cerebrum
- medulla
- cerebellum
A: medulla

Q: Which of the following is not covered by the respiratory mucosa?
- alveoli
- trachea
- bronchi
- all of the above are covered by the respiratory mucosa
A: alveoli

Q: Another term for pulmonary ventilation is:
- internal respiration
- breathing
- external respiration
- both b and c above
A: breathing

Q: Organs of the respiratory system are designed to perform which of the following functions?
- help regulate body temperature
- distribute air
- provide for the exchange of gases
- both b and c above
A: both b and c above

Q: Another name for the nostrils of the nose is:
- external nares
- nasal cavities
- nasal sinuses
- nasal septum
A: external nares

Q: These tonsils are not in the pharynx:
- lingual
- pharyngeal
- palatine
- neither a nor c is in the pharynx
A: lingual

Q: The order in which food or air would pass through the pharynx would be:
- oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx
- laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx
- nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx
- nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
A: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Q: pH is a measurement of the:
- hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
- hydroxide ion concentration of a solution
- amount of buffer needed in a solution
- both b and c above
A: hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Q: A solution with a pH of 7.0:
- would have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
- would have fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
- would have an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
- would be an acid solution
A: would have an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions

Q: A solution with a pH of 5.0 would:
- be an acid solution
- have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
- be neutral
- both a and b above
A: both a and b above

Q: If saliva has a pH of 7.7, arterial blood has a pH of 7.45. That means:
- arterial blood is more alkaline than saliva
- arterial blood is more acid than saliva
- saliva has more hydrogen ions than arterial blood
- both a and c above
A: arterial blood is more acid than saliva

Q: The mechanism used by the body to regulate body pH is:
- the buffer system
- the respiratory mechanism
- the urinary mechanism
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: The slightly lower pH of venous blood compared to arterial blood is caused by:
- the lower oxygen level of venous blood
- the influx of lactic acid in venous blood
- the influx of carbon dioxide in venous blood
- all of the above
A: the influx of carbon dioxide in venous blood

Q: Buffer pairs:
- absorb hydrogen ions
- absorb hydroxide ions
- prevent sharp changes in the pH of a solution
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: Metabolism tends to add:
- more bases than acids to the blood
- more acids than bases to the blood
- about an equal amount of acids and bases
- only neutral substances to the blood
A: more acids than bases to the blood

Q: The results of metabolic processes usually add:
- relatively weak bases to the blood
- relatively strong bases to the blood
- relatively weak acids to the blood
- relatively strong acids to the blood
A: relatively strong acids to the blood

Q: When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers an acid:
- water is an end product
- carbonic anhydrase reacts with the carbonic acid
- more sodium bicarbonate is formed
- more carbonic acid is formed
A: more carbonic acid is formed

Q: When the carbonic acid–sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers a base:
- sodium chloride is produced
- water is produced
- the pH rises less than it would if there were no buffer system
- both b and c above
A: both b and c above

Q: A decrease in respiration rate:
- increases the carbonic acid in the blood
- decreases the carbonic acid in the blood
- causes a drop in blood pH
- both a and c above
A: both a and c above

Q: The kidney also can acidify the urine by:
- converting an ammonia molecule to an amino group
- by deaminating a fat
- by converting an amino group to ammonia
- both b and c above
A: by converting an amino group to ammonia

Q: Patients with a bicarbonate deficit experience:
- metabolic alkalosis
- metabolic acidosis
- respiratory alkalosis
- respiratory acidosis
A: metabolic acidosis

Q: A drop in the ratio of sodium bicarbonate to carbonic acid because of untreated diabetes can be called:
- uncompensated respiratory acidosis
- uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
- uncompensated metabolic acidosis
- uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
A: uncompensated metabolic acidosis

Q: The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is found:
- in red blood cells
- in white blood cells
- in epithelial cells lining blood vessels
- as a free protein in blood plasma
A: in red blood cells

Q: The term fixed acid means:
- an acid that does not break down to form a gas
- a weak acid that will not dissociate
- an acid that cannot be broken down to a simpler substance
- an acid that resists neutralization
A: an acid that does not break down to form a gas

Q: The part of the nephron that secretes hydrogen ions into the urine is the:
- proximal tubule
- Henle loop
- distal tubule
- collecting tubule
A: distal tubule

Q: One advantage that the kidneys have over the lungs in regulating pH is that:
- they can remove a large amount of carbonic acid
- they can raise the pH of the blood
- they can lower the pH of the blood
- kidneys have no advantage over the lungs in regulating pH
A: they can lower the pH of the blood