Title: Exam - Nervous, Senses and Endocrine Systems
Course: PRN 0930 Practical Nursing I > Section: Nervous System, Senses, and Endocrine System

Q: The two principal divisions that make up the nervous system are the:
- central and sympathetic
- sympathetic and parasympathetic
- peripheral and central
- peripheral and autonomic
A: peripheral and central

Q: Cells that are important in the blood-brain barrier are the:
- Schwann cells
- microglia
- astrocytes
- oligodendrocytes
A: astrocytes

Q: Glia cells that act as microbe-eating cells are the:
- Schwann cells
- microglia
- astrocytes
- oligodendrocytes
A: microglia

Q: A synapse is:
- a gap between neurons
- crossed by a chemical
- separates the axon end of one neuron from the dendrite of the next
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: The difference between a three- and a two-neuron reflex is that a three-neuron reflex:
- passes through the dorsal root ganglion
- includes an efferent neuron
- includes an interneuron
- includes an afferent neuron
A: includes an interneuron

Q: The resting neuron:
- has a slight negative charge on the exterior
- has a slight positive charge on the exterior
- has an excess of sodium inside the cell
- both a and c above
A: has a slight positive charge on the exterior

Q: A synapse includes:
- a very narrow synaptic cleft
- a presynaptic neuron with neurotransmitter receptor sites on its membrane
- a postsynaptic neuron that releases the neurotransmitter
- all of the above
A: a very narrow synaptic cleft

Q: The brainstem includes the:
- medulla oblongata, pons, and thalamus
- medulla oblongata, midbrain, and hypothalamus
- pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata
- medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum
A: pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata

Q: The “vital centers” (the cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers) are located in the:
- pons
- midbrain
- thalamus
- medulla oblongata
A: medulla oblongata

Q: The association of sensation with emotion occurs in the:
- hypothalamus
- thalamus
- medulla oblongata
- cerebellum
A: thalamus

Q: A CVA occurring in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum would affect:
- the ability to speak
- motor coordination
- vision
- memory
A: vision

Q: The functions of the spinal cord include:
- the primary reflex center
- carrying motor impulses to the brain
- carrying sensory impulses away from the brain
- all of the above
A: the primary reflex center

Q: The tough outer layer of meninges is called the:
- pia mater
- arachnoid mater
- dura mater
- ventricles
A: dura mater

Q: The autonomic nervous system consists of neurons that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to:
- cardiac muscle
- smooth muscle
- glandular tissue
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: Going from the interior to the exterior of a nerve, the layers of connective tissue would be:
- perineurium, epineurium, fascicle
- endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium
- epineurium, perineurium, fascicle
- epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium
A: endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium

Q: Which of the following is a morphine-like neurotransmitter that acts as a natural pain killer?
- endorphin
- acetylcholine
- dopamine
- epinephrine
A: endorphin

Q: The lobe of the brain that contains the auditory area is the:
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe
A: temporal lobe

Q: The somatic nervous system controls actions of:
- skeletal muscles
- smooth muscles
- glandular epithelial tissue
- both b and c above
A: skeletal muscles

Q: A group of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system is called a:
- synapse
- ganglion
- tract
- plexus
A: ganglion

Q: Which is also called the thoracolumbar nervous system?
- parasympathetic nervous system
- sympathetic nervous system
- both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
A: sympathetic nervous system

Q: In which nervous system does the synapse of the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons usually occur close to the spinal cord?
- parasympathetic nervous system
- sympathetic nervous system
- both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems
A: sympathetic nervous system

Q: Myelinated bundles of axons in the central nervous system are called:
- gray matter
- tracts
- white matter
- both b and c above
A: both b and c above

Q: The Golgi tendon receptors can be classified as:
- proprioceptors
- chemoreceptors
- thermoreceptors
- photoreceptors
A: proprioceptors

Q: The white part of the eye is called the:
- cornea
- choroid
- iris
- sclera
A: sclera

Q: The conjunctiva:
- is a mucous membrane covering part of the eye
- opens and closes to regulate the light entering the eye
- is the colored part of the eye
- is the clear part of the sclera
A: is a mucous membrane covering part of the eye

Q: The innermost layer of the eye is the:
- conjunctiva
- choroid
- sclera
- retina
A: retina

Q: The cones in the eye:
- are part of the retinal layer
- respond to the colors red, green, and blue
- are used to see in dim light
- both a and b above
A: both a and b above

Q: The part of the eye with the highest concentration of cones is the:
- macula lutea
- fovea centralis
- optic disc
- choroid layer
A: fovea centralis

Q: The vitreous humor:
- is found in the anterior cavity
- is found in the posterior chamber
- is a watery fluid in front of the lens
- both a and c above
A: is found in the posterior chamber

Q: The sequence of the ossicles from the eardrum to the inner ear is:
- malleus, stapes, incus
- stapes, incus, malleus
- malleus, incus, stapes
- none of the above
A: malleus, incus, stapes

Q: In the middle ear, the:
- incus rests against the organ of Corti
- tympanic membrane rests against the stapes
- tympanic membrane rests against the incus
- stapes rests against the oval window
A: stapes rests against the oval window

Q: The perilymph is:
- inside the semicircular canal
- inside the cochlea
- inside the bony labyrinth
- both a and b above
A: inside the bony labyrinth

Q: The specific organ of hearing is called the:
- cochlea
- semicircular canal
- organ of Corti
- tympanic membrane
A: organ of Corti

Q: The olfactory receptors:
- also assist in the sense of taste
- are able to respond to four primary odors
- are not sensitive because of the location of the receptors
- all of the above
A: also assist in the sense of taste

Q: Which of the following sensations is generated by a special sense?
- touch
- taste
- pressure
- all of the above
A: taste

Q: The endocrine system consists of glands that:
- release chemicals into ducts
- release chemicals carried by the blood
- release chemicals into body cavities
- all of the above
A: release chemicals carried by the blood

Q: Hormones are not a major regulator of:
- metabolism
- blood pH
- voluntary muscle movement
- both b and c above
A: voluntary muscle movement

Q: The anterior pituitary:
- is called the neurohypophysis
- is called the adenohypophysis
- secretes ADH
- both a and c above
A: is called the adenohypophysis

Q: TSH:
- is secreted by the neurohypophysis
- is secreted by the adenohypophysis
- stimulates the release of thyroid hormone
- both b and c above
A: both b and c above

Q: The posterior pituitary gland releases:
- ADH
- ACTH
- TSH
- both b and c above
A: ADH

Q: The thyroid gland:
- is unique because it does not store the hormones it makes
- is found in the neck
- requires calcium to produce its hormone
- all of the above
A: is found in the neck

Q: The thyroid gland produces:
- T_3
- T_4
- calcitonin
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: Aldosterone:
- increases gluconeogenesis
- is produced in the inner zone of the adrenal cortex
- is a mineralocorticoid
- both a and c above
A: is a mineralocorticoid

Q: Epinephrine:
- is released by the inner zone of the adrenal cortex
- reinforces the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- is released in response to stress
- both a and b above
A: is released in response to stress

Q: A decrease in insulin production:
- usually causes type 1 diabetes mellitus
- will stimulate the release of growth hormone
- is usually the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus
- both a and c above
A: usually causes type 1 diabetes mellitus

Q: The pineal gland is:
- located in the neck
- located in the mediastinum
- sometimes called the “third eye”
- both b and c above
A: sometimes called the “third eye”

Q: Nonsteroid hormones can be made of:
- proteins
- carbohydrates
- nucleic acids
- all of the above
A: proteins

Q: Aldosterone has an impact on the concentration of which substance in the blood?
- glucose
- potassium
- sodium
- both b and c above
A: both b and c above

Q: The hormone that helps regulate the body’s internal clock is:
- leptin
- ANH
- ADH
- melatonin
A: melatonin

Q: This endocrine gland is not in the brain:
- the adenohypophysis
- the thymus gland
- the pineal gland
- all of the above are in the brain
A: the thymus gland