Title: Exam Nutrition
Course: PRN 0930 Practical Nursing I > Section: Nutrition

Q: A patient with a family history of renal disease states that she knows she should decrease protein intake. Which statement indicates that she understands what is recommended by the USDA MyPyramid?
- “I will eat 6 to 11 servings from the bread group.”
- “I will eat less than 3 to 5 servings from the vegetable group.”
- “I will eat less than 2 to 3 servings from the meat and poultry group.”
- “I will eat less than 2 to 4 servings from the fruit group.”
A: “I will eat less than 2 to 3 servings from the meat and poultry group.”
If right: The meat group, which includes meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts, should be limited to two to three servings per day, because excess protein is harmful to patients with renal disease.
If wrong: The meat group, which includes meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts, should be limited to two to three servings per day, because excess protein is harmful to patients with renal disease.

Q: A patient who is trying to increase intake of fiber in the diet is selecting from the breakfast menu. The patient demonstrates understanding of the fiber content of grains and cereals when the selection made is
- toast made from white bread.
- toast made from wheat bread.
- shredded wheat.
- a biscuit.
A: shredded wheat.
If right: Shredded wheat contains 4 g of fiber per serving, whereas wheat toast contains 2 g, and white bread and a biscuit contain 1 g each.
If wrong: Shredded wheat contains 4 g of fiber per serving, whereas wheat toast contains 2 g, and white bread and a biscuit contain 1 g each.

Q: The nurse is assisting a patient who has iron-deficiency anemia in choosing appropriate foods to help increase iron intake. Which foods are appropriate for this patient to include in the diet?
- Saltwater fish
- Dark green, leafy vegetables
- Peanut butter
- Brewer’s yeast
A: Dark green, leafy vegetables
If right: Dark green, leafy vegetables, liver, and whole grains are food sources for treating iron-deficiency anemia.
If wrong: Dark green, leafy vegetables, liver, and whole grains are food sources for treating iron-deficiency anemia.

Q: A patient reports practicing Judaism. The LPN/LVN filling out the patient’s dietary menu would avoid ordering which two items for the same meal?
- Meat and fish
- Milk and vegetables
- Meat and milk
- Vegetables and fruit
A: Meat and milk
If right: Common food practices in Judaism include not eating meat and milk at the same meal and using separate dishware in the preparation and serving process.
If wrong: Common food practices in Judaism include not eating meat and milk at the same meal and using separate dishware in the preparation and serving process.

Q: A mother is concerned that her toddler is not eating enough at mealtimes. Which general guideline is helpful to share with the mother?
- Provide large servings to stimulate appetite.
- Provide single-item foods that do not touch each other on the plate.
- Force the child to eat whatever food is left on the plate.
- Use plain white dishes to keep attention focused on food.
A: Provide single-item foods that do not touch each other on the plate.
If right: Toddlers prefer single-item foods that do not touch each other on the plate.
If wrong: Toddlers prefer single-item foods that do not touch each other on the plate.

Q: The nurse is visiting an elderly patient who lives alone. Which suggestion by the nurse is most helpful in improving the patient's nutritional status?
- Keep the environment noise free to concentrate on eating.
- Decrease intake of fluids to improve appetite.
- Use salt as needed to spice up the flavor of foods.
- Cook favorite foods in bulk and freeze in individual serving containers.
A: Cook favorite foods in bulk and freeze in individual serving containers.
If right: Cooking and freezing favorite foods for easy preparation later is helpful in improving the overall nutrition of an elderly patient.
If wrong: Cooking and freezing favorite foods for easy preparation later is helpful in improving the overall nutrition of an elderly patient.

Q: The nurse is visiting an elderly patient with a history of malnutrition and memory loss. On addressing the nutritional needs of the patient, the nurse must
- write down all the information for the patient.
- give the patient the Food Pyramid Chart for reference.
- involve the family in the teaching process.
- instruct the patient to participate in church activities.
A: involve the family in the teaching process.
If right: The patient may not be able to remember what needs to be done, and involving the family will help in meeting the patient’s needs.
If wrong: The patient may not be able to remember what needs to be done, and involving the family will help in meeting the patient’s needs.

Q: Which nursing action is most important before delivering a diet tray to a patient?
- Determine whether the patient likes coffee or tea.
- Check the diet on the tray with the diet sheet.
- Add up the total milliliters of fluid on the tray.
- Add extra salt and sugar packets.
A: Check the diet on the tray with the diet sheet.
If right: The diet tray should be checked against the diet order to be sure that the patient receives the proper diet.
If wrong: The diet tray should be checked against the diet order to be sure that the patient receives the proper diet.

Q: A patient who has been notified of a high serum cholesterol level needs dietary teaching about how to lower fat intake. The patient verbalizes that he enjoys eating meats. Which is the best response by the nurse to the patient?
- “Cheeseburgers are acceptable in your diet.”
- “You should eat more turkey breast.”
- “Barbecued pork ribs can be included if you limit it to one rib.”
- “You are allowed to eat no more than one grilled frankfurter.”
A: “You should eat more turkey breast.”
If right: Red meat, eggs, and high-fat dairy products contain large amounts of saturated fat; poultry (such as turkey breast) and fish are low-fat items and therefore are desirable when trying to reduce serum cholesterol.
If wrong: Red meat, eggs, and high-fat dairy products contain large amounts of saturated fat; poultry (such as turkey breast) and fish are low-fat items and therefore are desirable when trying to reduce serum cholesterol.

Q: A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is having difficulty eating because of painful lesions in the mouth. Which suggestion would be most helpful?
- Drink fortified milkshakes.
- Eat beef or calf liver to build iron stores.
- Add strong spices to increase incentive to eat.
- Try not to eat until the lesions are healed.
A: Drink fortified milkshakes.
If right: Because painful oral lesions may make solid intake difficult, fortified milkshakes or oral supplements such as Ensure may be helpful.
If wrong: Because painful oral lesions may make solid intake difficult, fortified milkshakes or oral supplements such as Ensure may be helpful.