Title: Final Exam
Course: PHT 2301 Pathological Condition in PT > Section: Module 16

Q: A 78 year old woman falls on the ice and breaks her femur. X-ray examination and subsequent biopsy of the fracture site reveal metastatic tumor. This is an example of which type of fracture:
- pathologic
- open
- comminuted
- complete
A: pathologic
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Q: A collapsed lung is referred to as:
- atelectasis
- bronchiectasis
- pneumonitis
- cor pulmonale
A: atelectasis
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Q: A disease in which the gray matter of the spinal cord is preferentially destroyed, resulting in paralysis:
- poliomyelitis
- encephalitis
- meningitis
- rabies
A: poliomyelitis
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Q: A goiter is associated with which condition:
- hyperthyroidism
- hypothyroidism
- hypopituitarism
- hyperpituitarism
A: hyperthyroidism
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Q: A lumpectomy procedure is less effective than a mastectomy:
- true
- false
A: false
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Q: A mental disorder in which the personality is seriously disorganized and contact with reality is impaired:
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Generalized anxiety
- Psychosis
A: Psychosis
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Q: A patient presents to the clinic with complaints of polydypsia, polyuria, and recent weight loss. What is a likely diagnosis?
- Cushing syndrome
- Acromegaly
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Addison disease
A: Diabetes Mellitus
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Q: A patient presents to the emergency department after sustaining a blow to the head. The patient lost consciousness initially, but woke up and was answering questions appropriately. 30 minutes later, the patient began vomiting, and rapidly lost consciousness. Which of the following is a likely diagnosis?
- subdural hematoma
- epidural hematoma
- contusion
- concussion
A: epidural hematoma
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Q: An abnormal accumulation of lymph, usually in the extremities, is called:
- sickle cell anemia
- Hodgkin's disease
- chronic myelocytic leukemia
- lymphedema
A: lymphedema
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Q: An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as:
- compression fracture
- kyphosis or hunch back
- scoliosis
- torticollis
A: scoliosis
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Q: An increase in oxygen saturation of the blood will result in blueing of the skin, or cyanosis.
- true
- false
A: false
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Q: COPD and asthma are examples of which type lung disease:
- restrictive
- obstructive
- diffuse
- surface
A: obstructive
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Q: Cancer cells that are well differentiated would be classified as which of the following:
- Stage I
- Grade I
- Stage IV
- Grade IV
A: Grade I
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Q: Chest pain resulting from ischemia to a part of the myocardium is referred to as:
- coronary artery disease
- myocardial infarction
- angina pectoris
- transient ischemic attacks
A: angina pectoris
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Q: Common diagnostic procedures for cancer include with of the following:
- breast examination and mammography
- papanicolaou test
- prostate, rectal, and stool examinations
- all of the above are correct
A: all of the above are correct
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Q: Decreased range of motion, faulty posture, and poor balance are characteristics of which part of the disablement process:
- pathology
- impairment
- functional limitation
- disability
A: impairment
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Q: Dental caries is the major cause of tooth loss in adults:
- true
- false
A: false
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Q: Duplication, deletion, or translocation occurring in the first or second cell division after fertilization results in which of the following:
- Mosaicism
- Mutation
- Nonpenetrance
- Monosomy
A: Mosaicism
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Q: During intense exercise, skeletal muscle uses only 25% of the body’s oxygen:
- true
- false
A: false
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Q: End-stage renal disease is frequently caused by:
- Pyelonephritis
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypertension
- Both B and C are correct
A: Both B and C are correct
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Q: Examples of chemical carcinogens include all of the following except:
- cigarette smoke
- vinyl chloride
- human papillomavirus
- industrial dyes
A: human papillomavirus
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Q: Generalized loss of bone is referred to as:
- osteoporosis
- osteosarcoma
- osteopenia
- osteoarthritis
A: osteopenia
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Q: Generalized wasting in terminal patients is referred to as:
- anemia
- anorexia
- cachexia
- regression
A: cachexia
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Q: HIV can be transmitted through which of the following:
- saliva
- nasal secretions
- air droplets
- blood and blood products
A: blood and blood products
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Q: Hardening of the arteries is referred to as:
- intermittent claudication
- atherosclerosis
- arteriosclerosis
- varicosities
A: arteriosclerosis
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Q: In classifying neoplasms, which of the following refers to the size of the tumor and/or the extent of spread:
- The letter T
- The letter M
- The letter N
- The Roman numerals I, II, and III
A: The letter T
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Q: Inflammation of a vein in conjunction with the formation of a clot is:
- coronary artery disease
- myocardial infarction
- thrombophlebitis
- varicose veins
A: thrombophlebitis
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Q: Inflammation of the lung:
- pneumonia
- pneumonitis
- cystic fibrosis
- asthma
A: pneumonitis
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Q: Influenza is spread through which of the following:
- respiratory droplets
- objects contaminated with discharge
- air droplets from a sneeze or cough
- all of the above
A: all of the above
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Q: Low platelet count is referred to as:
- thrombocytosis
- thrombocytopenia
- leukocytosis
- leukocytopenia
A: thrombocytopenia
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Q: Meningitis is most often caused by a viral infection:
- true
- false
A: false
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Q: Morbid obesity is defined as more than _____% above the standard average body weight at a given age and height:
- 10
- 20
- 25
- 50
A: 20
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Q: One of the main differences between a malignant tumor and a benign tumor is that the benign tumor __________________:
- is encapsulated
- grows slowly
- has the ability to spread to other parts of the body
- A and B only
- all of the above are correct
A: A and B only
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Q: Osteopenia is a normal part of the aging process:
- true
- false
A: true
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Q: Poison ivy reactions are an example of which of the following:
- atopic dermatitis
- contact dermatitis
- seborrheic dermatitis
- light induced dermatitis
A: contact dermatitis
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Q: Prognosis is best described by which of the following:
- The identification of a disease process
- The likely course of a disease process
- A list of possible diseases affecting the patient
- A guide for treatment
A: The likely course of a disease process
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Q: Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. If it metastasizes, it likely will metastasize to what area first?
- Bone, especially vertebrae and pelvis
- Brain
- Liver
- Lungs
A: Bone, especially vertebrae and pelvis
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Q: Sexually transmitted diseases are the most common type of:
- opportunistic infections
- bacterial infections
- viral infections
- fungal infections
A: bacterial infections
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Q: Solid tumors of epithelial tissue of external and internal body surfaces are referred to as:
- sarcomas
- osteomas
- leukemias
- carcinomas
A: carcinomas
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Q: Symptoms of the common cold include:
- joint and muscle pain
- nasal congestion and pharyngitis
- headache, burning/watery eyes, and low grade fever
- B and C
A: B and C
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Q: The bacteria most commonly cultured from skin abscesses are which of the following?
- Propionibacterium acnes
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Varicella Zoster
- Verruca vulgaris
A: Staphylococcus aureus
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Q: The classic symptom of myocardial infarction is:
- severe and periodic dyspnea
- crushing chest pain radiating down the arm
- diastolic pressure greater than 90 mmHg
- systolic pressure greater than 180 mmHg
A: crushing chest pain radiating down the arm
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Q: The degeneration of the substantia nigra nucleus in the midbrain, and the Lewy body are characteristic findings of which degenerative disease?
- hydrocephalus
- senile dementia
- Parkinson's disease
- Multiple Sclerosis
A: Parkinson's disease
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Q: The disease that presents with loss of the myelin sheath that affects signal transmission is:
- Parkinson's Disease
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Myelitis
A: Multiple Sclerosis
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Q: The electrical pathway followed to produce myocardial contraction follows which path:
- Atrioventricular node, interventricular septum, sinoatrial node
- Interventricular septum, atrioventricular node, sinoatrial node
- Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, interventricular septum
- Sinoatrial node, interventricular septum, atrioventricular node
A: Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, interventricular septum
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Q: The main function of neutrophils is to do which of the following:
- Release chemical substances to kill cells
- Remembering the chemical structure of the foreign material
- Engulf and digest foreign materials
- Produce antibodies in response to foreign material
A: Engulf and digest foreign materials
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Q: The medical term for rapid breathing is:
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- bradycardia
- bradypnea
A: tachypnea
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Q: The medical word for blister is:
- papule
- nodule
- bulla
- macule
A: bulla
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Q: The most common cause of death in the United States is:
- Pneumonia
- Diabetes
- Accidents
- Heart Disease
A: Heart Disease
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Q: The most common upper respiratory tract infection is:
- otitis media
- rhinitis
- sinusitis
- pharyngitis
A: sinusitis
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Q: The most prevalent chronic disease is:
- Mental disease
- Periodontal disease
- Arthritis
- Asthma
A: Periodontal disease
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Q: The patient presents with painful, swollen hands, wrists, and knees. Pain and joint deformity are noted bliaterally. This describes which of the following conditions:
- osteoarthritis
- rheumatoid arthritis
- degenerative joint disease
- septic arthritis
A: rheumatoid arthritis
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Q: The sensation of pain is carried on which of the following:
- Small diameter nerves
- Large diameter nerves
- Both of the above
- Neither of the above
A: Small diameter nerves
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Q: Tumors that arise from supportive or connective tissue are referred to as:
- in situ
- carcinomas
- sarcomas
- leukemias
A: sarcomas
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Q: What disease is characterized by the Reed-Sternberg cell:
- sickle cell anemia
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- leukemia
- polycythemia
A: Hodgkin lymphoma
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Q: What disease usually starts with pharyngitis, fever, and a stiff neck:
- meningococcal meningitis
- streptococcus pneumoniae
- Scarlet fever
- Impetigo
A: meningococcal meningitis
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Q: What is considered the most common type of arthritis:
- osteoarthritis
- degenerative joint disease
- rheumatoid arthritis
- A and B
A: A and B
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Q: What is the most common cause of death in cancer patients:
- hemorrhage
- infection
- anemia
- anorexia
A: infection
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Q: What is the most common endocrine disease:
- Cushing syndrome
- Diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes insipidus
- Grave's disease
A: Diabetes mellitus
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Q: What is the role of carbohydrates in nutrition?
- Contribute to the structural components of the cells
- Are the main source of readily available energy
- Carbohydrates are not necessary for good nutrition
- Are components of all cell membranes, and their metabolism contributes twice as many calories for energy
A: Are the main source of readily available energy
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Q: When the brain is damaged by ischemia following a CVA, the result is loss of neurons. These neurons are replaced through the normal inflammatory, healing process.
- true
- false
A: false
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Q: Which condition presents with a moon face and buffalo hump and is a result of excess cortisol:
- Grave's disease
- Addison disease
- Cushing syndrome
- Acromegaly
A: Cushing syndrome
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Q: Which gland is considered the master gland:
- thyroid
- pituitary
- hypothalamus
- adrenal
A: pituitary
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Q: Which of the following are among the top reasons for patients seeking health care for chronic disease:
- back problems
- degenerative arthritis
- sprains and strains
- A and B
A: A and B
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Q: Which of the following are risk factors for the development of breast cancer?
- exogenous estrogen therapy
- early menarche
- late menopause
- obesity
- A and B only
- all of the above
A: all of the above
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Q: Which of the following are true regarding third degree burns?
- The epidermis is destroyed and the upper dermis is red and blistered
- The epidermis and dermis are destroyed down to the subcutaneous tissue
- Third degree burns are very painful
- Third degree burns cannot regenerate new epithelium
- B and D are correct
A: B and D are correct
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Q: Which of the following best describes the signs and symptoms associated with acute pain:
- Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle tension
- Decreased heart rate and blood pressure, and increased muscle tension
- Increased heart rate and muscle tension, and decreased blood pressure
- Decreased heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle tension
A: Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle tension
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Q: Which of the following causes thrombophlebitis:
- infection
- trauma
- prolonged immobility
- all of the above
A: all of the above
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Q: Which of the following conditions is a result of excess growth hormone:
- acromegaly
- dwarfism
- Grave's disease
- gigantism
- Both A and D are correct
A: Both A and D are correct
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Q: Which of the following involves inserting a needle in to a muscle to record electrical activity and quantify the extent of muscle damage:
- myelogram
- electromyography
- EKG
- biospy
A: electromyography
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Q: Which of the following is a viral respiratory infection that may be prevented by immunization:
- the common cold
- influenza
- chronic fatigue syndrome
- acquired immune deficiency syndrome
A: influenza
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Q: Which of the following is considered a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:
- emphysema
- pneumonia
- chronic bronchitis
- A and C
- all of the above
A: A and C
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Q: Which of the following is not an early warning signal of cancer:
- change in bowel or bladder habits
- temporary alopecia
- unusual bleeding or discharge
- thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
- all of the above are early warning signs
A: temporary alopecia
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Q: Which of the following is not one of the cardinal signs of inflammation:
- pain
- fever
- swelling
- heat
- redness
A: fever
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Q: Which of the following is the most common cause of hemorrhage:
- trauma
- stroke
- cancer
- none of the above
A: trauma
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Q: Which of the following is the primary function of platelets?
- Fight infection
- Oxygen transport
- Aid in coagulation
- Participate in inflammatory reactions
A: Aid in coagulation
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Q: Which of the following is the primary function of white blood cells?
- Fight infection
- Oxygen transport
- Aid in coagulation
- Participate in inflammatory reactions
A: Fight infection
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Q: Which of the following statements regarding breast cancer in males is true:
- males never experience breast cancer
- breast cancer in males accounts for 50% of all breast cancers
- breast cancer in males accounts for 1% of all breast cancers
- males are at just as much risk of developing breast cancer as women
A: breast cancer in males accounts for 1% of all breast cancers
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Q: Which of the following techniques allows a physician to visually assess a joint cavity, repair ligaments, or remove loose cartilage fragments:
- computed tomography
- MRI
- arthroscopy
- radiography
A: arthroscopy
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Q: Which skin condition presents with thickened areas of skin with silver colored scales:
- psoriasis
- keratosis
- atopic dermatitis
- urticaria
A: psoriasis
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Q: Which type of afferent fiber is responsible for relaying pain relieving sensations produced by the use of modalities, massage, and other pain relieving agents:
- A delta
- B delta
- A beta
- C
A: A beta
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Q: Which type of diabetes is a result of an absolute deficiency in insulin and requires injections to replace and maintain glucose levels:
- insipidus
- type 1
- type 2
- gestational
A: type 1
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Q: ___________________ are characterized by the reduced ability of a person to perform actions in a “normal”, efficient manner. This includes activities of daily living (ADL’s) like reaching up to comb hair, dressing, feeding, bathing.
- impairments
- functional limitations
- disabilities
- functional disabilities
A: functional limitations
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