Title: Module 5 Quiz
Course: DEH 2821 Medically-Compromised Patient > Section: Module 5 - Epilepsy

Q: A seizure is a:
- state of continuous, unremitting action of muscular contraction
- paroxysmal event that results from abnormal brain activity
- sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles
- rapid succession of epileptic spasms without intervals of consciousness
A: paroxysmal event that results from abnormal brain activity

Q: Diagnosis of epileptic syndromes are made from all of the following except:
- history
- clinical signs and symptoms
- functional neuroimaging
- EEG
- ECG
A: ECG

Q: A partial seizure affects the entire brain at the same time. A generalized seizure involves only a part of the brain.
- The first statement is true and the second statement is true
- The first statement is true and the second statement is false
- The first statement is false and the second statement is false
- The first statement is false and the second statement is true
A: The first statement is false and the second statement is false

Q: Patients with recurrent seizures may be legally restricted from certain:
- licenses
- recreational activities
- public areas
- hospitals
A: licenses

Q: When recognizing an aura, a patient may:
- go into a trance-like state
- seek a safe place to sit or lie down
- take medication
- leave the treatment room
A: seek a safe place to sit or lie down

Q: Case Study 1
Bill, a 30-year-old patient, presents to the office for routine dental hygiene therapy. Bill has always reported that he has had seizures. This visit he indicates that he has been having a seizure about once a week. Since his seizures have been happening more frequently, his doctor has put him on phenytoin. The dental hygienist asks Bill about his seizures and he states that he usually notices very strong smells before his seizures. His seizures usually last about 10 seconds, he loses consciousness, and usually his eyelids twitch. He comes out of it quickly and usually does not remember what has happened. During the intraoral exam the dental hygienist notes that the gingiva in the upper anterior interdental area is enlarged and is somewhat fibrotic. Bill says he has noticed it but it is not painful.

Reference: Ref 62-1

Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. The strange smells Bill notices before his seizure are called:
- ataxia
- hirsutism
- aura
- facies
A: aura

Q: Case Study 1
Bill, a 30-year-old patient, presents to the office for routine dental hygiene therapy. Bill has always reported that he has had seizures. This visit he indicates that he has been having a seizure about once a week. Since his seizures have been happening more frequently, his doctor has put him on phenytoin. The dental hygienist asks Bill about his seizures and he states that he usually notices very strong smells before his seizures. His seizures usually last about 10 seconds, he loses consciousness, and usually his eyelids twitch. He comes out of it quickly and usually does not remember what has happened. During the intraoral exam the dental hygienist notes that the gingiva in the upper anterior interdental area is enlarged and is somewhat fibrotic. Bill says he has noticed it but it is not painful.

Reference: Ref 62-1

Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. What type of seizures does Bill describe?
- Simple
- Complex
- Absence
- Tonic-clonic
A: Absence

Q: Case Study 1
Bill, a 30-year-old patient, presents to the office for routine dental hygiene therapy. Bill has always reported that he has had seizures. This visit he indicates that he has been having a seizure about once a week. Since his seizures have been happening more frequently, his doctor has put him on phenytoin. The dental hygienist asks Bill about his seizures and he states that he usually notices very strong smells before his seizures. His seizures usually last about 10 seconds, he loses consciousness, and usually his eyelids twitch. He comes out of it quickly and usually does not remember what has happened. During the intraoral exam the dental hygienist notes that the gingiva in the upper anterior interdental area is enlarged and is somewhat fibrotic. Bill says he has noticed it but it is not painful.

Reference: Ref 62-1

Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. Gingival hyperplasia is caused by:
- edema and inflammation in gingival tissue
- fibroblasts and osteoblasts depositing excessive extracellular matrix
- an increase in size of the cells of the gingiva
- an increased size in osteoclasts
A: fibroblasts and osteoblasts depositing excessive extracellular matrix

Q: Case Study 1
Bill, a 30-year-old patient, presents to the office for routine dental hygiene therapy. Bill has always reported that he has had seizures. This visit he indicates that he has been having a seizure about once a week. Since his seizures have been happening more frequently, his doctor has put him on phenytoin. The dental hygienist asks Bill about his seizures and he states that he usually notices very strong smells before his seizures. His seizures usually last about 10 seconds, he loses consciousness, and usually his eyelids twitch. He comes out of it quickly and usually does not remember what has happened. During the intraoral exam the dental hygienist notes that the gingiva in the upper anterior interdental area is enlarged and is somewhat fibrotic. Bill says he has noticed it but it is not painful.

Reference: Ref 62-1

Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. What determines the severity of phenytoin-induced gingival enlargement?
- Amount of medication
- Length of use of medication
- Amount of biofilm
- Genetic factors
A: Amount of biofilm

Q: Case Study 1
Bill, a 30-year-old patient, presents to the office for routine dental hygiene therapy. Bill has always reported that he has had seizures. This visit he indicates that he has been having a seizure about once a week. Since his seizures have been happening more frequently, his doctor has put him on phenytoin. The dental hygienist asks Bill about his seizures and he states that he usually notices very strong smells before his seizures. His seizures usually last about 10 seconds, he loses consciousness, and usually his eyelids twitch. He comes out of it quickly and usually does not remember what has happened. During the intraoral exam the dental hygienist notes that the gingiva in the upper anterior interdental area is enlarged and is somewhat fibrotic. Bill says he has noticed it but it is not painful.

Reference: Ref 62-1

Open and read the attached case to answer the following question. All of the following medications can cause gingival enlargement except:
- valproic acid
- calcium channel blockers
- cyclosporin
- acetaminophen
A: acetaminophen

Q: Partial seizures are more common in which group of people?
- Adults
- Elderly
- Children
- Infants
A: Adults

Q: All of the following are clinical manifestations of partial seizures except:
- trance-like state with confusion that lasts for a few minutes to hours
- dizziness at the start of the spell
- jerking of muscles around the mouth
- loss of consciousness beginning and ending abruptly in about 5 to 30 seconds
- cessation of ongoing activity
A: loss of consciousness beginning and ending abruptly in about 5 to 30 seconds

Q: If a tonic-clonic seizure continues without recovery, it may progress to:
- postictal
- status epilepticus
- preictal
- teratogenesis
A: status epilepticus

Q: When epilepsy is refractory to traditional antiepileptic drug therapy, treatment may include:
- herbal supplements
- long-term hospitalization
- functional neuroimaging
- focused dose of radiation to the epileptogenic area of brain
A: focused dose of radiation to the epileptogenic area of brain

Q: What type of diet may be recommended for patients with epilepsy?
- Ketogenic
- Low calorie
- Vegetarian
- Macrobiotic
A: Ketogenic