Title: Final Exam
Course: DEH 2811 Ethics > Section: Module 7 - Social Issues

Q: An illegal act against society is subject to criminal legal procedures.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Written defamation is considered libel.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: The majority of dental hygienists in Canada have self-regulation, while the majority of dental hygienists in the United States do not have self-regulation.
- The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.
- The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.
- Both statements are false.
- Both statements are true.
A: Both statements are true.

Q: Threatening to harm an individual is
- True
- False
A: False

Q: A breach of contract does not necessarily involve harm.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: The first two utilitarian philosophers were
- Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.
- Immanuel Kant and John Rawls.
- Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill.
- John Rawls and John Stuart Mill.
A: Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

Q: P.A.N.D.A. is an acronym for a coalition that increases awareness and education for
- partner abuse.
- spouse abuse.
- child abuse.
- elderly abuse.
A: child abuse.

Q: Virtue ethics is based on theories from various philosophers, such as
- Rawls.
- Kant.
- Socrates.
- none of the above.
A: Socrates.

Q: Kantian ethics is concerned with
- rights.
- duties
- happiness.
- the total amount of happiness in the world.
- privileges.
A: duties

Q: The principle of distributive justice considers the allocation of health care resources according to an individual’s (or group’s)
- need.
- right.
- merit.
- all of the above.
A: all of the above.

Q: Utilitarianism is concerned with
- rights.
- duties.
- happiness.
- the total amount of happiness in the world.
- privileges.
A: the total amount of happiness in the world.

Q: According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, it is the responsibility of the federal government, not the employer, to provide reasonable accommodations necessary for a disabled person to perform a job.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Time away from work due to the adoption of a child is granted through the Family and Medical Leave Act.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Universal health care would uphold the principle of distributive justice based on the theory that all members of society have an equal right to health care.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: All access-to-care problems can be solved by decreasing the cost of care.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: According to Kohlberg, most adults tend to operate at
- level I.
- level II.
- level III.
- level IV
A: level II.

Q: An ethical dilemma occurs when there is a conflict regarding
- professional decisions.
- legal issues.
- moral actions.
- none of the above.
A: moral actions.

Q: Decision making for ethical dilemmas in dental hygiene practice involves
- a code of ethics and laws.
- critical thinking skills.
- rights and duties.
- all of the above.
A: all of the above.

Q: Nothing is needed for making ethical decisions in dental hygiene practice except a professional code of ethics.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: The Code of Ethics can be used to justify a given solution to an ethical dilemma.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: According to Kohlberg, children solve problems at
- stages 1 and 2.
- stages 2 and 3.
- stages 3 and 4.
- stages 5 and 6.
A: stages 1 and 2.

Q: According to Kohlberg, a child behaves a certain way to
- avoid punishment.
- obtain rewards.
- earn approval.
- all of the above.
A: all of the above.

Q: As one gathers the facts to solve an ethical dilemma in dental hygiene practice, a useful tool may be the state or provincial practice act.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Torts are
- intentional acts or unintentional acts.
- acts of omission or commission.
- a and b.
- none of the above.
A: a and b.

Q: The condition(s) necessary to prove malpractice is/are that
- there was an act of omission or commission.
- there was a failure to satisfy standard of care.
- there was harm or injury to the patient.
- all of the above.
A: all of the above.

Q: Torts are
- criminal wrongs.
- civil wrongs.
- medical wrongs.
- none of the above.
A: civil wrongs.

Q: Damages in civil court cases may be
- punitive.
- compensatory.
- nominal.
- all of the above.
A: all of the above.

Q: Confidentiality is both a legal duty and an ethical duty.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: There are laws that require the reporting of individuals with sexually transmitted diseases.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Informed consent upholds the ethical principle of
- autonomy.
- parentalism.
- confidentiality.
- documentation.
A: autonomy.

Q: Documentation of the refusal of treatment should include
- documenting the information given to the patient.
- documenting that the patient understands the risks of refusing care.
- the signatures of the patient, health care provider, and witness.
- all of the above.
A: all of the above.

Q: Informed consent allows the patient to be a partner in treatment.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Informed consent involves telling the patient
- the diagnosis.
- the treatment alternatives.
- the risks involved for each treatment.
- all of the above
A: all of the above

Q: Informed consent includes the patient’s right to refuse treatment.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Clinical dental hygienists, who perform invasive procedures, should know their HIV
status.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Assent for a child age 5 would be different than assent for a minor age 15.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Researchers need only the approval of a child’s parents or legal guardians and not the consent of the child because children are considered minors.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Virtue ethics is based on
- character traits.
- rights.
- duties.
- privileges.
A: character traits.

Q: Prima facie duties are determined by the present situation.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Utilitarians are concerned with consequences when making ethical decisions.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: If person A has a right, then person B has a duty to ensure that right.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: A privilege is granted only if certain conditions are met.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Beneficence means
- to do what is good for yourself.
- to do no harm.
- to do what is good for others.
- faithfulness.
A: to do what is good for others.

Q: Nonmaleficence means
- to do no harm.
- to do only what is beneficial.
- to tell the truth.
- to do only what the patient accepts.
A: to do no harm.

Q: Autonomy may be restricted in cases of
- mental incompetence
- minors.
- emergency.
- all of the above.
A: all of the above.

Q: Selfdetermination is associated with
- autonomy.
- parentalism.
- beneficence.
- veracity.
A: autonomy.

Q: A term closely associated with beneficence is
- nonmaleficence.
- maternalism.
- paternalism.
- veracity.
A: nonmaleficence.

Q: If a supervisor or employer does not act on a report of sexual harassment, then he or she can be held accountable to the same degree as the employee accused of the harassment
- True
- False
A: True

Q: The basis of the Hippocratic oath is
- nonmaleficence.
- veracity
- confidentiality.
- none of the above.
A: nonmaleficence.

Q: Veracity means usefulness.
- True
- False
A: False