Title: Module Five Quiz
Course: CNT 2001 Computer Networks & Communications > Section: Module 5 Network Protocols

Q: Which type of routing protocol are RIP and IGRP?
- distance vector routing protocol
- link state routing protocols
- hybrid routing protocols
- placement routing protocols
A: distance vector routing protocol
If right: The simplest type of routing protocol is a distance vector routing protocol. Some examples of distance vector routing protocols are RIP, RIPv2, and IGRP. In a distance vector routing protocol, each router periodically sends an update of its routing table to all routers directly connected to it. In this way, periodically the entire network of routers gets updated. The time it takes for this update to take place is called convergence.

Q: What measurement is used to choose the best route to a specific location?
- dynamics
- SIPs
- metrics
- checksum
A: metrics
If right: The purpose of any routing protocol is to compile a table listing all routes known to it so that IP can use the table to find the best route to a specific location. The measurements used by a routing protocol to determine the best routes available to it are called metrics.

Q: What represents the number of routers it takes to get from one destination to another?
- hops
- TTLs
- lengths
- latency
A: hops
If right: Within a routing table database are several information fields. The three most common of these fields are the network ID of the destination network, the cost of path the packet will need to take to get to the destination network, and the next hop. The cost refers to the network cost (not money cost) of getting to the destination network, which is based on available bandwidth, speed and other factors..

Q: Which protocol is used to retrieve emails?
- POP3
- DNS
- SIP
- VoIP
A: POP3
If right: Post Office Protocol (POP) is used to connect to an email server and retrieve any emails on that server before closing the connection. When POP3 retrieves emails, it can either leave copies on the server, or delete the emails from the server after it downloads them to the client system.

Q: What routing type is manually defined?
- static routing
- dynamic routing
- metric routing
- exterior routing
A: static routing
If right: The most basic way of building routing tables is to manually create one in a router. As new routes are needed on a network or old routes change, the routing tables must be manually changed or updated on the affected routers. This process is called static routing, which is time-consuming and prone to errors.

Q: What protocol is used to provide bi-directional interactive command-line access to either a remote or local host?
- RTP
- TELNET
- SIP
- HTTP
A: TELNET
If right: TELNET, short for TErminaL NETwork, is used to provide bi-directional interactive command-line access to either a remote or local host. TELNET was first introduced in 1969 in RFC 15. In 1983, TELNET was extended in RFC 854. TELNET client software can be found for pretty much every computer platform out there.

Q: Which protocol is used to send emails?
- POP3
- IMAP
- HTTP
- SMTP
A: SMTP
If right: SMTP is used to transport email from one server to another on IP networks. SMTP moves email from one server to another and in the case of mail clients, SMTP is used to move email from the client to a mail server so that the e-mail can be relayed from the mail server. Two common protocols to retrieve email is IMAP and POP3.

Q: What protocol is used to carry voice data over a packet switched networks?
- VoIP
- SIP
- SSH
- TELNET
A: VoIP
If right: Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a general term used to describe a group of technologies used to transmit voice data over packet-switched networks, including but not limited to the Internet. VoIP has been implemented in several ways over the last decade or so.

Q: What protocol is used to stream voice or video over a TCP/IP network?
- VoIP
- SIP
- RTP
- TELNET
A: RTP
If right: Another protocol used to implement VoIP is Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP). This protocol is used to carry streaming media such as voice or video. RTP is commonly used with other signaling protocols, such as SIP, to carry out its voice or video streaming functions. Because RTP is used for voice streaming, it is one of the foundational technologies used in VoIP, along with SIP and several other protocols.

Q: Which of the following is a basic task that SSL is not designed for?
- server authentication
- client authentication
- agent authentication
- encryption of TCP sessions
A: agent authentication
If right: SSL inserts itself between TCP and any higher-level protocols (such as HTTP) being used to send data from one location to another. In this way, SSL can secure a wide variety of higher-level protocols. SSL is designed to carry out three basic tasks: server authentication, client authentication, and encryption of TCP sessions.

Q: What protocol is used to send and manipulate files over a TCP/IP network?
- FTP
- HTTPS
- WINS
- ICQ
A: FTP
If right: The most commonly used current version of File Transfer Protocol (FTP) was first introduced in 1985 in RFC 959. However, FTP in its original form was introduced in 1971 using RFC 114.

Q: What protocol is used to transport and display web pages using a browser?
- DNS
- SMB
- HTTP
- WINS
A: HTTP
If right: Hyper-Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) is used to transport Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML) documents, otherwise known as web pages, over the Internet. HTTP can also be used to retrieve graphics, images, and other types of media and it can be used with email.

Q: __________ is a protocol used to secure Internet communications.
- SMB
- SSL
- HTTP
- DNS
A: SSL
If right: The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol is used to secure Internet communications. SSL was initially used to secure Internet transactions in the Netscape browser.

Q: The DNS clients that make requests to the DNS server are known as ____________.
- agents
- resolvers
- SOAs
- makers
A: agents
If right: Resolvers are the clients that make requests of the DNS. These clients can be actual clients or even servers that are part of a larger network. They all have a small cache of their own, and if they are a server in their own right, they will have a larger cache.

Q: When a DNS client needs to resolve a host name to an IP address, where will it first check?
- LMHOST file
- nearest DNS server
- its own DNS cache
- designated DNS server
A: its own DNS cache
If right: When you open your web browser and put in a URL, the browser checks the local web cache to see if the IP address of the entered URL can be found. If it cannot be found, your computer sends a query to your ISPs DNS server asking it for the URLs IP address.

Q: Which protocol is used to resolve host names to IP addresses?
- DNS
- WINS
- DHCP
- SMB
A: DNS
If right: Domain Name System (DNS) makes it possible for us to use the Internet the way we do. DNS is the protocol that converts all those URLs we can easily remember to IP addresses that the Internet can use.

Q: What protocol was the predecessor for DHCP?
- DNS
- NetBIOS
- SMB
- BOOTP
A: BOOTP
If right: DHCP replaced Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP). BOOTP was first introduced in RFC 951 and later updated in RFCs 1395, 1497, 1532, and 1542. Basically, BOOTP was intended to automate the assignment of IP addresses across a network.

Q: What protocol is used to assign IP addresses automatically to a host?
- DHCP
- DNS
- WINS
- ICMP
A: DHCP
If right: DHCP was first introduced in RFC 1541 in 1993 and was intended as a replacement for the older and less wieldy BOOTP. DHCP assigns IP addresses and IP configurations automatically for the host.

Q: Which connectionless transport protocol does not guarantee reliable delivery?
- TCP
- HTTP
- UDP
- FTP
A: UDP
If right: User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is the connectionless counterpart of TCP. It does not guarantee reliable delivery and is used primarily to give other protocols, such as IP, access to datagram services like port numbers. Due to the limited functionality provided by UDP, the header is correspondingly much smaller and less complex.

Q: Which connection-oriented protocol ensures that data gets its final destination?
- TCP
- SNMP
- UDP
- ICMP
A: TCP
If right: TCP focuses on the two end devices, whereas IP focuses on getting the network packet from one device to the next toward its ultimate destination.

Q: Which core protocol used within a TCP/IP network gets messages from one end point to another?
- TCP
- IP
- UDP
- ICMP
A: TCP
If right: Transport Control Protocol (TCP) is the most commonly used protocol on the Transport layer and is considered one of the core protocols of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Whereas IP is concerned mainly with getting messages from one network device to the next in order to get the packet to its ultimate destination, TCP is concerned with the two end devices.

Q: What protocol does the Simple Network Management Protocol use?
- 123
- 110
- 161
- 69
A: 161
If right: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) uses UDP port 161 to manage network devices and services.

Q: What protocol uses TCP port 25?
- FTP
- SNMP
- SMTP
- HTTP
A: SMTP
If right: Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) uses TCP port 25 to route emails between email servers.

Q: What port does HTTP use by default?
- 21
- 80
- 67
- 443
A: 80
If right: Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) uses TCP port 80 to display web pages via a browser.

Q: What type of port ranges from 59152 to 65535?
- well-known ports
- registered ports
- dynamic ports
- ICMP ports
A: dynamic ports
If right: Dynamic, private or ephemeral ports make up the third and final group of port addresses. These ports range from 4915265535, can be used by any program or user at any time, and are assigned dynamically by the system as they are needed.

Q: What type of port ranges from 1024 to 49151?
- well-known ports
- registered ports
- dynamic ports
- private ports
A: registered ports
If right: Registered ports make up the second group of port addresses. Registered ports range from 102449151. Any company, organization, or individual wanting to use one of these ports needs to register it with IANA. When a program uses a registered port, that port is used consistently on all systems.

Q: What type of port ranges from 0 to 1023?
- well-known ports
- registered ports
- dynamic ports
- private ports
A: well-known ports
If right: The first group is called the well-known ports. Port numbers in this group range from 01023. Well-known ports can be assigned only by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). The ports in this range, according to IANA, can be used only by the system or root processes and by programs executed by privileged users.

Q: What is used to determine which upper-layer protocols, services, and processors each data segment is intended for?
- checksum
- port
- MAC address
- IP address
A: port
If right: Protocols on the Transport layer have port addresses, also known as ports. These ports are used to determine which upper-layer protocols, services, and processes each data segment is intended for. Port addresses ensure that the correct protocol, service, or process can get the data intended for it. The two main protocols on the Transport layer, UDP and TCP, both use ports.

Q: What mechanism is used to send one set of packets to multiple hosts at the same time?
- ICMP
- IGMP
- multicasting
- looping
A: multicasting
If right: IP multicasting is basically an IP hosts capability to send a datagram or data packet to all IP hosts within a host group. A host group consists of all the IP computers currently connected to a particular IP multicast host that are set to receive the same transmission from that host. These host groups can be set to contain 0 or more hosts.

Q: Which TCP/IP protocol do IP hosts use to join or leave multicast groups and routers use to find multicast group members?
- ICMP
- UDP
- TCP
- IGMP
A: ICMP
If right: IP multicasting is basically the capability of an IP host to send a datagram or data packet to all IP hosts within a host group. IP hosts use Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to join or leave multicast groups; connecting routers use it to find multicast group members.

Q: __________ is the most popular protocol suite in use.
A: TCP/IP
If right: A protocol suite is a group of networking protocols designed to work together to accomplish the separate little tasks needed to allow network communications. The most popular protocol suite is TCP/IP.

Q: Which protocols are used within an Autonomous System (AS) to discover the best routes?
~ IGPs are used within an AS to discover the best routes, whereas Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs) are used to discover the best routes between various Autonomous Systems. Another way of looking at it is that IGPs are used only within specific networks, whereas EGPs are used to find the best routes between autonomous or separated networks that are still linked.

Q: HTTP is used primarily to transport ______________ documents.
A: Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)
If right: As its name suggests, Hyper-Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) is used to transport Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML) documents, otherwise known as web pages, over the Internet. However, HTTP can also be used to retrieve graphics, images, and other types of media.

Q: When configuring an IP addresses, no two addresses can have the ____________.
A: same address
If right: On a packet-switched network, each data packet is responsible for finding its own route from source to destination. It is entirely possible that two packets can be sent from the same host to the same destination and take two totally different routes to get there.

Q: What are the differences between TCP and UDP?
~ The two main TCP/IP protocols on the Transport Layer of both the OSI and TCP/IP Models are TCP and UDP.

Q: What ports does FTP use?
~ FTP is used to copy files to or from a host on a TCP/IP network. TCP port 20 is used to copy data and TCP port 21 is used for the control commands.

Q: What is the main disadvantage of using TELNET?
~ Because of how long ago TELNET was developed, security is TELNET’s biggest failing. TELNET by default does not encrypt any data that is sends across a connection, included passwords. Furthermore, most TELNET implementations cannot authenticate a system.

Q: What protocol combines HTTP and SSL?
~ HTTPS (Hyper-Text Transport Protocol Secure) is a variation on HTTP. In fact, HTTPS combines HTTP and SSL/TLS. This means that SSL/TLS inserts itself between TCP and HTTP, which allows web pages to be authenticated and allows for the encryption of transmissions from web servers. HTTPS connections are most often noted by starting an URL with https:// rather than http://.

Q: What type of software do you use to capture network packets?
~ Protocol analyzers can capture packets as they go across a network and then open them to allow a network administrator to view their headers and content.

Q: What two protocols are designed specifically to retrieve email?
~ POP is used to connect to an email server and retrieve any emails on that server before closing the connection. When POP3 retrieves email, it can either leave a copy on the server, or delete the email from the server after it’s downloaded to the client system. IMAP4 and POP3 generally do the same job and are widely support by various email servers. However, the two protocols have some differences, including how POP3 and IMAP4 interact with their email servers. POP3 connects only to the email server long enough to download the appropriate emails. IMAP4, on the other hand, generally stays up as long as the user interface is active. This means that IMAP4 can download content on demand, whereas POP3 requires a unique session be set every time content needs to be downloaded.