Title: Module Six Quiz
Course: CNT 2001 Computer Networks & Communications > Section: Module 6 Networking Devices

Q: What is used to look at current conversations that go through a router so that it can figure out which packets to allow back through?
- ACL
- packet filtering
- stateful protocol analysis
- asymmetric loading
A: stateful protocol analysis
If right: Stateful protocol analysis looks at packets going out to determine what conversations are going on. If an outgoing packet expects a response back, the firewall will allow the responding packet through.

Q: What is used to manage and/or control network usage in order to optimize bandwidth?
- bandwidth shaping
- VLANing
- Network capturing
- snapshooting
A: bandwidth shaping
If right: Bandwidth shaping, also known as traffic shaping or packet shaping, helps manage and/or control network usage in order to optimize bandwidth. Packet shaping, specifically, handles bandwidth shaping by limiting packet types, sources, or content.

Q: Where would you place a web server that will be accessed from the Internet?
- DMZ
- Internet
- intranet
- VLAN
A: DMZ
If right: Because a web server that needs to be accessed needs to have some security but should be isolated from the internal network, you should place the web server on the DMZ.

Q: What special zone is used to connect an internal network with the Internet that is designed to hide the internal network from the Internet?
- Watched
- DMZ
- VPN
- VLAN
A: DMZ
If right: Two firewalls are positioned to create a DMZ, or demilitarized zone. Such a configuration creates a special neutral zone where servers and other devices that are intended to access the Internet can reside without exposing the rest of the network if those specific servers and devices are compromised by hackers. The servers between the two firewalls can have less protection than those on the other side of the second firewall.

Q: When a firewall analyzes a packet, what does it use to determine whether the packet is allowed based on IP address?
- VLAN numbers
- authentication lists
- scanning lists
- Access Control List
A: Access Control List
If right: The Access Control List (ACL) can be set to block everything from specific IP addresses and ranges all the way up to specific ports and protocols.

Q: What is used to protect a network from unauthorized access?
- router
- firewall
- switch
- CSU/DSU
A: firewall
If right: The firewall that is mentioned here, is not the firewall that you load onto your computer to protect it from internet attacks. A firewall is a networking device whose purpose is to prevent unauthorized packets from getting into your network. It is also used as the first line of defense between a private network and the Internet.

Q: What is used to monitor the activity of a network and notify network administrators when it identifies something as suspicious?
- IDS
- PoE
- STP
- VLAN
A: IDS
If right: Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) are related technologies. An IDS usually sits inside a network and monitors the networks activities. When something suspicious is noted, the IDS then notifies network administrators so that they can take steps to stop the suspect activity. Because an IDS only monitors activity, it is considered passive.

Q: What type of server is used to temporarily store recent access to the Internet so that future requests to the same web sites can be accessed from the server instead of the actual web server?
- gateway proxy server
- reverse proxy server
- anonymizing proxy server
- caching proxy server
A: caching proxy server
If right: A caching proxy server caches the result of requests made by clients to pass the information directly to additional clients requesting the same information. This saves the caching proxy from having to look up the same content repeatedly. A good caching proxy server locally stores commonly requested content so as to minimize data flow and conserve bandwidth usage across a large enterprise network.

Q: What type of server acts as an intermediary between a client and other servers?
- SMB server
- port server
- proxy server
- DNS server
A: SMB server
If right: Proxy servers act as intermediaries between a client and other servers. They can fulfill many roles and can be used for many different jobs.

Q: Where would you place the SQL server that will be used by web servers over the Internet?
- intranet
- DMZ
- Internet
- VLAN
A: intranet
If right: Because SQL servers hold confidential data, the web server should be placed on the DMZ and a SQL server should be placed on the intranet. Firewall rules would then be used to filter access.

Q: When you use port authentication, what is used to limit access to the network?
- VLAN number
- IP address
- Passwords
- MAC addresses
A: MAC addresses
If right: Port authentication provides security to the entire network because it limits access via a particular port to pre-authorized MAC addresses.

Q: What can you use to limit what hosts can be connected to a switch?
- port authentication
- spanning tree
- VLAN
- trunking
A: port authentication
If right: Port authentication or port-based authentication limits access to a specific port to just certain MAC addresses.

Q: What is used to have packets going through a switch to be copied to a single port?
- trunking
- port mirroring
- transversal
- colliding
A: port mirroring
If right: Port mirroring is simply the act of sending a copy of the frames from one or more ports on a switch to another port on the same switch. It can be done on a per port basis or even on a VLAN basis. Port mirroring monitors what is happening in the switch.

Q: What describes multiple VLANs carried across a single cable or network link?
- trunking
- mirroring
- transversal
- colliding
A: trunking
If right: In relation to switches, trunking is basically VLAN multiplexing, in which data from multiple VLANs is carried across a single cable or other network link. To accomplish this, special trunking protocols are needed.

Q: At what OSI layer do routers operate?
- Physical
- Data-link
- Network
- Transport
A: Network
If right: Routers are networking devices used to move packets around a larger network. To do this, they have to be very intelligent and able to read data packets to know where they are intended to go and where they have come from. Because routers are meant to relay based on IP addresses, they work on the Network layer.

Q: Which component used to convert Frame Relay signals to Ethernet is used to receive and transmit signals from some type of WAN connection, such as T-1 or Frame Relay connection?
- CSU
- DSU
- analog modem
- DSL modem
A: CSU
If right: The CSU side of a CSU/DSU is designed to receive and transmit signals from some type of WAN connection, such as a T-1 or Frame Relay connection.

Q: What is used to convert digital signals from one frame format to another, specifically to convert Frame Relay into Ethernet signals?
- switch
- hub
- CSU/DSU
- bridge
A: CSU/DSU
If right: A Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit (CSU/DSU) converts a digital signal from one frame format to another. Most commonly, it is used to convert Frame Relay or T-1 signals into Ethernet signals.

Q: What protocol do multiple switches on the same network use to ensure that an infinite loop is not created?
- trunking
- SIP
- VLAN
- STP
A: STP
If right: Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used when multiple switches are implemented on the same network. As a Data-Link layer protocol, STP is used primarily to prevent endless loops from developing on switch-based LANs. The protocol gets its name from a mathematical algorithm called spanning tree, which takes a group of points and connects them all together without allowing any loops to form.

Q: What connects two network segments together, yet only forwards packets based on MAC addresses from one segment to another segment only when needed?
- bridge
- hub
- router
- gateway
A: bridge
If right: Bridges are intended to break up networks into smaller sections; as a result, they are more intelligent than your average hub. Because bridges work on the Data-Link layer of the OSI model, they can read and make sense of MAC addresses. Based on these MAC or Physical addresses, a bridge can determine whether a frame is allowed to pass through to the other side of the bridge.

Q: On what OSI layer does a switch operate?
- Physical
- Data-Link
- Network
- Transport
A: Data-Link
If right: Switches, like bridges, work primarily on the Data-Link layer of the OSI model.

Q: Which of the following device is multiport bridge?
- bridge
- hub
- router
- switch
A: switch
If right: Some types of switches can work on layers higher than Data-Link. A switch working on multiple layers at the same time is referred to as a multilayer switch.

Q: What device has each port as its own collision domain?
- repeater
- active hub
- passive hub
- switch
A: switch
If right: A basic switch can be referred to as a multiport bridge because like a bridge, it can separate a network out into multiple collision domains.

Q: What type of switch is used for load balancing?
- content switch
- intelligent switch
- active hub
- VLAN
A: content switch
If right: Load balancing is another task performed by multilayer switches. Switches specifically used for load balancing are called content switches or content service switches. Such switches take the load from two or more servers and automatically share it across a network.

Q: What is referred to as a group of hosts in the Data-Link layer that share a common set of communications requirements and can be isolated from other groups?
- LAN
- MAN
- VLAN
- WAN
A: VLAN
If right: In its most basic form, a VLAN (short for Virtual LAN) enables you to break up a much larger network into smaller networks within the Data-Link layer of the OSI model. In other words, a VLAN refers to a group of hosts that share a common set of communications requirements whether or not they are attached to the same device.

Q: What are VLANs created with?
- routers
- switches
- hubs
- gateways
A: switches
If right: In its most basic form, a VLAN (short for Virtual LAN) enables you to break up a much larger network into smaller networks within the Data-Link layer of the OSI model. In other words, a VLAN refers to a group of hosts that VLANs are created using switches.

Q: What is used to identify VLANs?
- IP address
- network numbers
- IP prefix
- VLAN numbers
A: VLAN numbers
If right: If you want to create multiple VLANs, you define which ports are assigned to each VLAN, and then each VLAN is assigned a VLAN number.

Q: What networking device is used to modulate an analog signal in such a way that it can encode digital information?
- modem
- NIC
- Codec
- radar
A: modem
If right: The word modem is short for modulator/demodulator. A modem is a networking device that is used to modulate an analog signal in such a way that it can encode digital information or to demodulate the encoded signal so that it can be decoded back into something a computer can read. Any device used to encode digital information onto analog communication links, regardless of throughput, can rightfully be called a modem.

Q: What device converts one type of media to another type?
- protocol analyzer
- media converter
- host converter
- transceiver
A: media converter
If right: Media converters are used to convert one type of media to another type. Such devices are used to convert coaxial to twisted pair or fiber to copper. These types of devices are important for allowing two different types of technologies on the same network.

Q: What is used to repeat a signal it receives and rebroadcast it?
- transceiver
- repeater
- modem
- converter
A: repeater
If right: A repeater is a device that repeats a signal it receives in order to rebroadcast it, thus extending the range of a particular cable run. A repeater is always active and requires a power source of some sort. It has one cable coming in and one going out.

Q: What is a multiport repeater?
- hub
- router
- bridge
- modem
A: hub
If right: Hubs work as though they are the bus of a larger network. When a computer connected to one port of a hub want to connect to a computer connected to a different port on a hub, it has to broadcast the signal to all devices connected to that hub. In this way, a hub acts as a bus. As a signal comes into a hub, it is regenerated or repeated and sent to its destination.

Q: What is the maximum speed of an analog modem?
~ By the late 1990s, modems used in home computers could attain speeds approaching 56.6 kilobits per second (kbps) over standard telephone lines by combining data-compression methods. Speeds approaching the 56.6 kbps rate, however, were on the upper end of the theoretical limits of such devices. Because of this limitation, other technologies were pursued.

Q: Why would you use a VLAN?
~ In its most basic form, a Virtual LAN (VLAN) enables you to break up a much larger network into smaller networks within the Data-Link layer of the OSI model. In other words, a VLAN refers to a group of hosts that share a common set of communications requirements, whether or not they are attached to the same device.

Q: What type of server is used to help a user remain anonymous on the Internet?
~ An anonymizing proxy server helps a user remain anonymous on the Internet. This type of proxy server acts as an intermediary between a user and the larger Internet. When a user uses an anonymizing proxy server, all requests that the user makes for Internet resources first go through the anonymizing proxy server and then onto the greater Internet. In this way, when a request is tracked back to a system, the system it is tracked back to is the anonymizing proxy instead of the actual user who made the request for information.

Q: What is found on a NIC to help you diagnose different network problems?
~ Most NIC devices have several light emitting diode (LED) indicators on them. These indicators help you diagnose different network problems. Although different NICs have different indicators, two LED indicators that all NICs have are the Link and Activity lights.

Q: What are the differences between IDS and IPS?
~ An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) usually sits on the inside of a network and monitors the network’s activity. When something suspicious is noted, it then notifies network administrators so that they can take steps to stop the suspect activity. Because an IDS only monitors activity, it is considered passive. On the other hand, an Intrusion Protection System (IPS) is active. It works much like an IDS and, in fact, uses much of the same technology an IDS does; however, when an IPS detects a suspicious activity, rather than just alert network administrators, it actually takes steps to stop the questionable activity.

Q: What device combines a switch and a router for a wireless network?
A: wireless access point (WAP)
If right: A wireless access point (WAP) combines the roles of a switch and a router in smaller wireless networks. Generally speaking, WAPs are connected to larger networks and allow access to them via wireless media. In this way, WAPs act as switches to allow wireless devices access to a specific network.

Q: ________ is the protocol used to safely transfer power over Ethernet cabling.
A: Power over Ethernet (PoE)
If right: Simply put, Power over Ethernet (PoE) is the protocol used to safely transfer power over Ethernet cabling. For PoE to work, you need to use either a specialized switch designed to send power over Ethernet cabling, or a secondary device designed to inject power into an Ethernet network.

Q: What type of hub has additional features, including built-in diagnostic capabilities?
~ Intelligent hubs work like active hubs but have additional features and capabilities. Many intelligent hubs have diagnostics capabilities, which enable the hubs not only to tell whether the network is having a problem but also, in many situations, to tell where the problem is and what the nature of the problem is to some extent. Intelligent hubs also have data-management capabilities, which means that they can adjust their throughput to match that of slower devices so that both slower and faster devices can use the same data connections.

Q: What is the difference between Data-Link and Network layer switches?
~ A Network layer switch acts as a router, which forwards packets using IP addresses. Unlike routers, Network layer switches cannot make WAN connections.

Q: ________ is when packets containing specific protocols such as SSL or TCP are sent to one server while other packets are sent to another so that those packets can be processed more efficiently.
A: Offloading
If right: With offloading, packets containing specific protocols such as SSL or TCP are sent to one server while other packets are sent to another. The purpose is to take packets that require more processing, such as SSL packets, and send them to a dedicated server. This way, servers that handle general data are not bogged down with handling processing-intensive packets, thus preventing general traffic from being properly or promptly handled.

Q: _______ allows a faster network device to quickly process a request from a slower network device and by using temporary storage.
A: Buffering
If right: Buffering enables a faster network device to process a request from a slower network device quickly and store it in a temporary storage area known as a buffer. The data stored in the buffer is then release back at a rate the slower device can handle. While the data is being released from the buffer, the faster device can dedicate its processing capacity to the next request without having to slow down its function for the slower network device.