Title: Module Thirteen Quiz
Course: CNT 2001 Computer Networks & Communications > Section: Module 13 Network Management

Q: What is another name for auditing?
- configuration
- performance
- accounting
- reliability
A: accounting
If right: Accounting, in this sense, means keeping track of what is being done on your network and by whom as well as how the network is performing.

Q: What defines how the network is laid out and how the equipment is set up?
- configuration
- performance
- accounting
- reliability
A: configuration
If right: Configuration has to do with how the network is laid out and how the equipment is set up. The way a network is laid out and its hardware is configured has very large implications for how you go about managing it. Networks that are not properly planned would be difficult to manage and troubleshoot For example, if you have multiple switches in a central closet, do you configure them individually or do you connect them together so that they share the same configuration information? In addition, is the network documented properly?

Q: What term expresses how likely it is that the network will function properly?
- configuration
- performance
- accounting
- reliability
A: reliability
If right: One main consideration in network management is the networks reliability. This refers to is how likely it is that the network will function properly. Networks are usually very important to an organizations overall productivity. If the network does not function properly, the organizations productivity will suffer. If productivity suffers, the organization loses money.

Q: What is the act of watching a network and determining its current state?
- network baselining
- network defining
- network viewing
- network monitoring
A: network monitoring
If right: Network monitoring is the act of watching a network and determining its current state. You can use monitoring to collect any number of statistics useful for determining your networks current state. Another aspect of network monitoring is determining what people are doing on the network at any given time. In this case, instead of monitoring the actual functioning of the networking technology, you are monitoring the activities the users are putting the technology through.

Q: What should be the maximum load for a network?
- 25%
- 50%
- 80%
- 95%
A: 80%
If right: One rule to keep in mind is that you generally do not want normal network load to be greater than 80 percent of its total capacity. If your normal network load is pushing 100 percent of its total capacity, when a peak time comes, the network wont be able to accommodate the greater demand.

Q: What are guidelines an organization imposes on itself?
- network documentation
- update management
- regulations
- policies and procedures
A: policies and procedures
If right: Policies and procedures are guidelines and rules an organization imposes on itself. They are usually defined by looking at Best Practices and experience.

Q: What are guidelines imposed on an organization by outside agencies?
- network documentation
- update management
- regulations
- policies and procedures
A: regulations
If right: Regulations are rules and guidelines imposed on an organization by outside agencies. If regulations are not followed, your organization may not be allowed to do business anymore; on the other hand, if you do not follow your own policies and procedures, the worse that may happen is that your network will not work as efficiently or may fail, but it can still be fixed. Put another way, if you do not follow your own policies and procedures, you may be out the money necessary to fix it. If you do not follow the proper regulations, you may be out of a job.

Q: When dealing with performance problems, it is best to have a __________ to compare against.
- baseline
- ACL list
- defined procedures
- list of IT administrators
A: baseline
If right: A baseline snapshot helps you compare how the network is performing now to how it worked previously. Doing such a comparison regularly can help you catch problems in the network before they become severe enough to noticeably affect network performance.

Q: What term describes how the network is cabled?
- wiring schematic
- network configuration
- logical representation docs
- ACLs
A: wiring schematic
If right: A wiring schematic is a diagram of where all the wires in a network are in relation to the physical layout of the facility in which the network is located. Think of a wiring schematic as a physical diagram of a network that shows the location of the wires rather than the network devices.

Q: What defines how well the network is functioning?
- configuration
- performance
- accounting
- reliability
A: performance
If right: Performance has two components: Determining how the network is performing. This component deals with monitoring the network and overlaps with accounting. Making the network perform better. This can be done with new equipment, better procedures, and/or more efficient software.

Q: What is a snapshot of what is going on your network?
- documentation
- defined procedures
- ACLs
- baseline
A: baseline
If right: Baselines are another useful piece of information to have when it comes to managing a network. A baseline provides a representative sample of how the network is working at a specific point in timeessentially, a snapshot of what is happening on your network.

Q: When you start experience problems with the network, where is the first place you should look for errors?
- packet sniffer
- logs
- speed test
- connectivity monitoring software
A: logs
If right: In networking, different programs create logs of data files to keep a record of what the program has done, what that program has evaluated, or what events related to that program have happened inside the computer. A computer keeps literally dozens of logs in the normal course of its daily use.

Q: In Windows, where do you find most logs?
- network logs folder
- SysLogs
- NetLogs
- Event Viewer
A: Event Viewer
If right: Event Viewer is an application or component found on all current versions of Windows. Event Viewer provides a central location where you can go to see all event logs on a local computer.

Q: What can you use to test the limits of a server or network?
- load testing
- packet sniffing
- speed testing
- log testing
A: load testing
If right: Load testing is the act of deliberately putting greater-than-normal demands on a network or its devices to see how they will behave while running at higher levels of demand than normal. The purpose is to see how far the network or devices can be pushed before they begin to start producing errors. Doing so can tell you what the true capacities of your network or devices are rather than you make assumptions. After the capacity of the network or devices are empirically tested to identify their true breaking point, that point becomes the where the network is said to be at 100 percent capacity.

Q: What tool is used to test the actual throughput of a network?
- speed test
- connection testing
- log testing
- packet sniffing
A: speed test
If right: A good example of a throughput tester that many people may be familiar with are the different speed test that can be found on the Internet. Although Internet speed tests are designed to test only the speed of your internet connection, they are still nonetheless testing the throughput of your Internet provider.

Q: WireShark is a popular __________.
- performance monitor
- baseline utility
- documentation tool
- packet sniffer
A: packet sniffer
If right: WireShark is one of the most widely used packet sniffers. It allows you to see the content of actual packets so that you can troubleshoot a wide range of problems.

Q: Which of the following is a network connectivity monitoring tool?
- ping
- tracert
- nbtstat
- nmap
A: nmap
If right: Two very good programs are available for network connectivity monitoring, and they both are open source: The Dude and nmap.

Q: How do you determine when it is time to upgrade your network?
- By reviewing network configuration
- By looking at the system logs
- By reconfiguring the network
- By monitoring the network
A: By monitoring the network
If right: Dont wait until you are pushing the limits of your networks capacity before you think about upgrading it. Otherwise, you will almost inevitably exceed your networks capacity before you can upgrade it.

Q: How can you view errors for a network protocol?
- Review the network documentation
- Use a packet sniffer
- Baseline the network
- Look at the network configuration
A: Use a packet sniffer
If right: You can use packet sniffers to monitor a network. A packet sniffer captures data packets and deconstructs them so that you can know what protocols they contain and their content.

Q: When you use VoIP and video conferencing, you need to establish ______ to ensure that voice and video data gives preference over other network traffic.
- QoS
- latency reducers
- delay managers
- ACLs
A: QoS
If right: Quality of service (QoS) refers to the network mechanisms that allow a network to reserve resources and control how those resources are distributed. By using QoS, you can allocate priorities to different applications, users, and general data flow. This enables you to guarantee specific performance levels in the networks data flow.

Q: What do you need to have a lot of to prevent downtime?
- bandwidth
- latency
- monitoring software
- redundancy
A: redundancy
If right: One aspect of maximizing uptime and minimizing downtime is related to how a network is designed. To optimize a network in this manner, you can design it from the start with a lot of redundancy in either the whole network or in critical parts of the network. Redundancy means having standby components online and running so that if a main component goes down, the redundant component can pick up the load seamlessly.

Q: Which of the following would not be used for fault tolerance?
- multi-core processor
- redundant power supplies
- UPS
- teamed network adapters
A: multi-core processor
If right: According to Cisco, high availability refers to the ability to keep a network up and running reliably with the least amount of downtime possible. High availability is achieved by building large amounts of redundancy into network devices and in the network’s design. A multi-core processor gives faster performance then a single-core processor but does not give redundancy.

Q: What do you call a special kind of network delay that results from packets leaving the same source but not arriving at the same destination in the same amount of time?
- bit error
- packet drop probabilities
- jitter
- compartmentalization
A: jitter
If right: Jitters are a specific kind of network delay that results from packets leaving the same source but not arriving at the same destination in the same amount of time. The difference in the amount of time that two packets take to reach the same destination is called sometimes called jitter.

Q: What is the amount of time it takes a packet to travel to its destination?
- propagation
- speed
- throughput
- stress limit
A: propagation
If right: Some causes of network latency are propagation, media, transmission, processing, and storage delays. Propagation is simply the amount of time it takes a packet to travel to its destination. The absolute fastest a packet can travel is the speed of light.

Q: What describes the time it takes a packet to move from one designated on the network to another?
- latency
- speed
- throughput
- stress limit
A: latency
If right: In the network sense, latency is the time it takes a packet of data to move from one designated location on the network to another. Often, the time a packet takes to go to a specific network location and return is considered the network’s latency value.

Q: What application is used to allow voice communications over an IP network?
- VoIP
- P2P
- TVoIP
- streaming music
A: VoIP
If right: VoIP is a group of protocols and standards that allow voice communications and multimedia sessions over packet-switched networks using the IP protocol. When optimizing a network that uses VoIP, keep in mind that VoIP is considered a high-bandwidth application.

Q: Streaming video and conferencing are examples of __________ applications
- latency driven
- high-bandwidth
- VoIP
- P2P
A: high-bandwidth
If right: High-bandwidth applications are those that require a lot of bandwidth (network capacity) to function. Some examples of high-bandwidth applications would be video streaming, video conferencing, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), and bit torrents.

Q: What is the guaranteed bandwidth specified by a vendor?
- minimum bit rates
- maximum delay rates
- QoS guarantee
- packet drop propabilities
A: minimum bit rates
If right: A number of things can be guaranteed with QoS tools, including minimum bit rates. Minimum bit rates means that you can guarantee that data will not flow over the network below a preset minimum.

Q: What do you call a packet that has to be temporarily stored before it can be passed on?
- network latency
- jitter
- processing time
- storage delay
A: storage delay
If right: Not all packets have to go through storage delays, but some packet do. A storage delay is where a packet has to be temporarily stored before it can be passed on. This may be because it has to stay in a buffer or queue while waiting for other packets to be processed, or it could be that an application requires a packet to be stored until the entire message is assembled before passing it on.

Q: What guideline should you follow when managing the wiring in your wiring closet?
- Use the shortest cables possible for a direct connection.
- Label each wire and ensure that they do not run all over the place.
- Be sure to alternate each color so that cables are easier to trace.
- Connect a tracer to each end.
A: Label each wire and ensure that they do not run all over the place.
If right: You need to make sure that your wiring is always neat and well ordered. Everything needs to be labeled, and wiring should not be allowed to run all over the place. Very specific wiring paths need to be laid out and adhered to when new cabling is used. The patch panels and switches where cables are plugged in or connected also need to be organized and orderly.

Q: __________ refers to the various actions, procedures, and methods related to monitoring, configuring, maintaining, supporting, and updating a network and its infrastructure.
A: Network management
If right: Network management refers to the various actions, procedures, and methods related to monitoring, configuring, maintaining, supporting, and updating a network and its infrastructure. A wide variety of tools, both hardware and software, is available to help with various activities related to management of a network.

Q: ________ is the amount of time a network and/or network device is not functioning.
A: Downtime
If right: Downtime is the amount of time a network and/or network device is not functioning. It is the opposite of uptime.

Q: _________ means that the network is designed in such a way that if one section of a network is brought down, the other sections of the network will not be directly affected.
A: Compartmentalization
If right: Compartmentalization means that the network is designed in such a way that if one section of a network is brought down, the other sections of the network will not be directly affected. In this way, you can minimize downtime by limiting it to a subsection of the network instead of having it affect the entire network.

Q: Why is it important to keep network documentation up-to-date?
~ Aside from making sure that you or your staff updates the network documentation every time something is changed, you should also have a regular inventory time. While you are counting things during inventory, you should also compare the reality of your network with what it is documented to be.

Q: When is it time to upgrade?
~ As you monitor network performance, you should keep track of its load growth. Therefore, as a system approaches 80 percent, you should have a plan to upgrade or replace the system before it exceeds 80 percent.

Q: Whose support do you need when creating network policies?
~ When policies are created, if you don’t have upper management support, they may be hard to enforce.

Q: What usually causes jitter?
~ Jitters are a specific kind of network delay that results from packets leaving the same source but not arriving at the same destination in the same amount of time. It can be caused by network congestion, timing drift, or route changes.

Q: Why is it important to have proper network documentation?
~ When sufficient network documentation is present, it becomes much easier and more efficient to manage a network and for others to come in later and also manage the network. However, when network documentation is not present or—even worse—only partially present, it becomes very difficult to manage and support that network.

Q: What is the measure of how long a network and/or its devices have been up without having any outages or being shut down?
~ Uptime is the measure of how long a network and/or its devices have been up without having any outages or being shut down. The goal of network uptime is to achieve 100 percent uptime, although this is not a realistic expectation. Networks and devices have to shut down for maintenance, upgrades, updates, and many other things. Given this fact, the goal is to have the network and/or its devices down for the absolute minimal amount of time possible.

Q: What do you call a time slot that is prescheduled to do work on a network or component of a network for a specific reason?
~ A very important part of network optimization is to maximize uptime and minimize downtime. When you know you will need to have a maintenance window that requires bringing down the network, you need to minimize the amount of time the network will be down. A maintenance window is a prescheduled time slot set aside to do work on a network or component of a network for a specific reason.

Q: When is the best time to take a baseline?
~ Essentially, a baseline provides a snapshot of what is going on in your network. This snapshot helps you compare how the network is working now to how it worked previously. If a system is typically used from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m., it is likely used the most at 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., times at which everyone will be at work and not at lunch.