Course: Critical Infrastructure: An Overview

Q: Critical infrastructure is the systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital that the incapacity or destruction of such may have debilitating impact on the security, economy, public health or safety, environment, or any combination of those matters accross any Federal, State, regional, territorial, or local jurisdiction.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct!
If wrong: Incorrect, critical infrastructure is, the systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital that the incapacity or destruction of such may have debilitating impact on the security, economy, public health or safety, environment, or any combination of those matters, across any Federal, State, regional, territorial, or local jurisdiction.

Q: The Department of Infrastructure gathers information and plans for hazards to infrastructure.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Good! You know that the U.S. Department of Homeland Security does this work.
If wrong: No, that is incorrect. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security works to gather and analyze data related to planning for and responding to hazards to critical infrastructure. They work alongside the Office of Infrastructure Protection, which leads the effort to manage risks to the nation’s critical infrastructure.

Q: Critical Infrastructure is important only because its loss could cause a loss of life.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Correct. You know that critical infrastructure is important for many reasons, including: life, quality of life, environment, the economy, public health and safety.
If wrong: Incorrect. Critical infrastructure is important for many reasons, including: life, quality of life, environment, the economy, public health and safety.

Q: The advancements in technology have made making improvements to our critical infrastructure unimportant.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: That is correct. You knew that technology has advanced, but in a way that requires further infrastructure updates and maintenance, not in a way to cause them to be obsolete. (In order for humankind to keep up with the technological advancements that have been made, and in order to do so in a manner in which we protect our environment, respect our resources, and ensure that we are good stewards of critical infrastructure for future generations, we must invest our time, money, and resources in critical infrastructure.)
If wrong: No, that is not correct. Technology has advanced, but in a way that requires further infrastructure updates and maintenance, not in a way to cause them to be obsolete. (In order for humankind to keep up with the technological advancements that have been made, and in order to do so in a manner in which we protect our environment, respect our resources, and ensure that we are good stewards of critical infrastructure for future generations, we must invest our time, money, and resources in critical infrastructure.)

Q: Every day drinking water is lost in the United States due to leaking pipes.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: This is true! Unfortunately our water infrastructure is in need of repair, refurbishment and it is not our only infrastructure system that needs attention.
If wrong: Unfortunately this is true. Our water infrastructure is in need of repair, refurbishment and it is not our only infrastructure system that needs attention.

Q: The Department of Homeland Security combined 22 different federal departments into one large umbrella organization in 2002. Their major purpose is to protect the homeland.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Good! This is true.
If wrong: Incorrect. This is true. (The DHS combined 22 different federal departments and agencies into one. Keeping the critical infrastructure in the United States safe and secure is a major purpose of Department of Homeland Security whose primary mission is to protect our homeland.)

Q: A lack of funding is a barrier to the upkeep and repairs needed to the U.S. critical infrastructure.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: That is correct. Funding is a barrier to the critical infrastructure repair, refurbishment, and maintenance that are really needed.
If wrong: Incorrect. Funding is a barrier to the critical infrastructure repair, refurbishment, and maintenance that are really needed.

Q: The average age of all the bridges in the United States is 42.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct.
If wrong: No, that is not correct. 42 is the average age of all the bridges in the United States.

Q: It is important to think of our infrastructure in its environment. A particular infrastructure system has an impact on our natural environment, socioeconmic environment, and other infrastructure systems.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct. This is very true, and is one of the reasons green infrastructure and clean energy concerns have come to the forefront lately.
If wrong: No, that is incorrect. The correct answer is true. In fact, it is very true - this is one of the reasons green infrastructure and clean energy concerns have come to the forefront of infrastructure topics lately.

Q: A nation wide smart grid system would make it easier to utilize more renewable energy sources (like wind and solar).
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct. This is true, the smart grid would help enable renewable energy to be added to our nation's power grid.
If wrong: This in not correct. The smart grid would help enable renewable energy to be added to our nation's power grid.

Q: EO 13636 is an executive order dedicated to improving the Internet.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Good! EO 13636 is an Executive Order dedicated to improving critical infrastructure cyber security.
If wrong: Incorrect. EO 13636 is an Exective Order dedicated to improving critcal infrastructure cyber security.

Q: Executive Order 13636 is dedicated to improving cyber security in our critical infrastructure.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: That is correct!
If wrong: Incorrect. Executive Order 13636, The Executive Order dedicated to improving critical infrastructure cyber security, was put into place in February 2013.

Q: Malware is malicious software. It can damage or disrupt your computer's operation or do other things. It could possibly collect sesitive information.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Very good. That is correct.
If wrong: Malware is short for malicious software. It is software that disrupts or damages a computer’s operation, gathers sensitive or private information, or gains access to private computer systems; may include botnets, viruses, worms, Trojans, keyloggers, spyware, adware, and rootkits.

Q: Installing a firewall, installing anti-virus software, and installing anti-spyware software are recommended and serve as a good way to help defend against malware.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Very good!
If wrong: These things may be the best way to avoid issues caused by malware. Install these: firewall, anti-virus software, and anti-spyware software.

Q: The Department of Homeland Security does not play a part in cyber security.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great, DHS educates the public on safe online practices, issues alerts, and investigates and arrests cyber criminals.
If wrong: No, this is not true. DHS educates the public on safe online practices, issues alerts, and investigates and arrests cyber criminals.

Q: Cyber security has no effect on the average person's daily life.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great! Information technology has become a part of most people's daily life. Keeping our identity, banking information, and passwords secure are all things that greater cyber security measures will go a long way to do.
If wrong: That is false. Information technology has become a part of most people's daily life. Keeping our identity, banking information, and passwords secure are all things that greater cyber security measures will go a long way to do.

Q: Software or hardware that is recommended to protect your computer hardware, data, and identity include:
- All of these.
- a firewall
- anti-spyware software
- ant-virus software
A: All of these.
If right: Correct!
If wrong: No. The correct answer would be: all of these.

Q: The critical infrastructure sector of Information Technology is very challenging to keep secure because the ___________ is a part of it.
- Internet
- computer
- cyber criminal
A: Internet
If right: Correct. Having the Internet included makes Information Technology one of the most challenging sectors to protect.
If wrong: Incorrect. Having the Internet included makes Information Technology one of the most challenging sectors to protect.

Q: Some things the Department of Homeland Security does to help protect this sector (Information Technology) are:
- all of these.
- investigate cyber criminals.
- arrest cyber criminals.
- warn the United States of potential threats in the form of actionable cyber alerts.
A: all of these.
If right: Great! That is correct they do all of these.
If wrong: Incorrect. Actually, they do all of these things.

Q: In EO 13636 what group was tasked with creating a cybersecurity framelwork?
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
- Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI)
- Office of Cybersecurity and Communications (CS&C)
A: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
If right: That is correct, NIST is the group that was tasked with designing the cybersecurity framework.
If wrong: No, NIST is the group that was tasked with designing the cybersecurity framework.

Q: The Department of Homeland Security has determined which of these to be critical infrastructure?
- nuclear reactors
- nuclear waste
- nuclear materials
- all of these
A: all of these
If right: Correct.
If wrong: Incorrect. The Department of Homeland Security has determined nuclear reactors, materials, and waste to be one of the 16 sectors of critical infrastructure.

Q: The nuclear sector is interdependent with what other sectors?
- Chemical
- Information Technology
- Energy
- All except Information Technology
A: All except Information Technology
If right: Great! That is correct.
If wrong: Incorrect. Information Technology is the only sector listed here that is not direclty interdependent with nuclear.

Q: Nuclear means of or relating to producing or using energy created when the nuclei of atoms are split apart or joined together.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct.
If wrong: No, that is actually true.

Q: 20% of the energy supplied through the United States power grid comes from nuclear energy.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct!
If wrong: Incorrect. It is true that 20% of the power supplied through the U.S. power grid comes from nuclear energy.

Q: The Department of Homeland Security is the only group that regulates nuclear power in the United States.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Correct. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is the main regulatory body over nuclear energy.
If wrong: Incorrect. The United States Nuclear Regulartory Commission (NRC) is the regulatory body over nuclear energy.

Q: The Department of Energy helps protect Americans from the threat of pollution and nuclear harm while maintaining a stockpile of nuclear weapons used to protect the country.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct.
If wrong: Incorrect. This is true. The DOE does work to protect Americans from nuclear threat and pollution while maintaining a stockpile of nuclear weapons used to protect the country.

Q: Nuclear energy does not produce the harmful by-product carbon dioxide.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: That is correct.
If wrong: No, nuclear energy production does not cause the by-product carbon dioxide.

Q: The chain reaction used to obtain electricity from a nuclear reactor is called fusion.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Correct. Fission is the method most nuclear reactors use to create electricity. It is a chain reaction.
If wrong: No, that is incorrect. Fission is the method most nuclear reactors use to create electricity. It is a chain reaction.

Q: The most common way to harness the power of a nuclear reaction is to cause nuclear fission and use the heat energy created from that reaction to create steam.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Very good, this is correct.
If wrong: Incorrect. This is actually true. Fission is the reaction that is most commonly utilized in creating energy.

Q: The main use of nuclear material (material that is not involved in power production or weapons) is in the field of medicine.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct!
If wrong: No, this is not correct. The main use of nuclear material (that material that is not involved in power production or weapons) is in the field of medicine.

Q: The United States has brand new and only completely up-to-date equipment on its power grid.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Correct. Unfortunately, the United States does not have a new power grid. However, the U.S. is currently working to replace its old power grid with newer more up-to-date equipment, and will implement the smart grid technology already in use in other countries.
If wrong: Incorrect. Unfortunately, the United States does not have a new power grid. However, the U.S. is currently working to replace its old power grid with newer more up-to-date equipment, and will implement the smart grid technology already in use in other countries.

Q: The energy sector is described as providing an enabling function across all the critical infrastructure sectors.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct!
If wrong: Incorrect. This is true, energy enables all the critical infrastructure sectors.

Q: The United States electric grid is divded into three main parts, which of these is NOT one of these parts?
- Southern Interconnection
- Texas Connection
- Eastern Interconnection
- Western Interconnection
A: Southern Interconnection
If right: Very good! That is correct, there is no Southern Interconnection.
If wrong: That is not correct. There is not a Southern Interconnection.

Q: The electric grid was set up in 1926 because of the Electricity Supply Act.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Good!
If wrong: Incorrect. The National Electric Grid was set up in 1926 with the Electricity Supply Act.

Q: Direct current is used on the power grid because it is easily manipulated to proper voltages.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Correct, it is actually alternating current that is used in the power grid.
If wrong: This is not correct. Alternating current is used since it is easily manipulated to the proper voltages.

Q: A major long-term electrical outage could in no way impact the banking industry.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great! You know that the banking industry relies on electricity, as do many other critical infrastructure sectors, and would be adversely affected by a long-term outage.
If wrong: This is false. The banking industry relies on electricity, as do many other critical infrastructure sectors, and would be adversely affected by a long-term outage.

Q: In the United States a 110 volt system is typically used in our homes.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct.
If wrong: This is true. We do typically use a 110 volt system in our homes.

Q: Renewable energy comes from _______________________________.
- renewable sources like the sun and the wind
- oil burning power plants
- coal burning power plants
A: renewable sources like the sun and the wind
If right: Great!
If wrong: Renewable energy comes from renewable sources like the sun and the wind.

Q: In order to coordinate activities and provide direction in establishing a smart grid accross the United States a Federal Smart Grid Task force was created.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct!
If wrong: This is actually true. The Task Force now has private/public partnership funding and has government and industry stakeholders working together to help bring the smart grid to the United States.

Q: The current power grid in place in the US has no storage capabilites, meaning that those collecting solar or wind energy cannot readily sell it and provide it directly to the power grid.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct.
If wrong: This is true. One of the benfits to implementing a nation-wide smart grid system will be adding storage capacity in which energy can be stored.

Q: The types of communications infrastructure discussed in the scope of this course include: wireline, wireless, satellite, broadcasting, and _______________.
- cable
- transportation
- smart grid
- Department of Homeland Security
A: cable
If right: Correct!
If wrong: Incorrect. Cable is the only form of infrastructure listed here that will correclty complete the sentence.

Q: Communications satellites are typically made up of:
- all of these.
- communication payload
- engines
- power subsystem
- command and control subsystem
A: all of these.
If right: Great!
If wrong: No, the correct answer is all of these.

Q: Comsat is short for communications satellite.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great!
If wrong: Incorrect, comsat is short for communications satellite.

Q: If you drew a map of cell phone provider towers and the coverage range they provided, the shape of the covered area would closely resemble a circle.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Correct! The shape of the coverage area would most closely resemble a hexagon.
If wrong: No, this is false. The shape of the coverage area would most closely resemble a hexagon.

Q: Much of the copper wire that was once in the wired (landline) telphone system in the United States has been replaced.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct! This is true, although not all the copper wire has been replaced.
If wrong: This in incorrect. The answer is true. Much of the copper wire, but not all, has been replaced.

Q: PSTN stands for Public Station Telephone Network.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Good! This is false because PSTN stands for Public Switched Telephone Network or System.
If wrong: Incorrect. This is false, because PSTN stands for Public Switched Telephone Network or System.

Q: Satellite technology is only helpful for providing television broadcasts.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Correct! Satellite technology provides satellite phones, television, radio, and Internet access.
If wrong: No, this is false. Satellite technology provides satellite phones, television, radio, and Internet access.

Q: The last mile or local loop is the section of the PSTN that still maintains a two wire analog connection. It is located at the end user's (telephone customer's) location.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Very good!
If wrong: No, this is true.

Q: One of the threats to communications infrastructure is RF interference.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Good! This is true, RF interference, or radio frequency interference, could interfere with communications of police, fire, and other emergency services.
If wrong: Incorrect. This is true. RF interference, or radio frequency interference, could interfere with communications of police, fire, and other emergency services.

Q: The communications sector could not be suseptable to the same threats as the Information Technology sector.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great! This is false. As Voice-over-Internet protocol (VoIP) becomes increasingly popular and more methods of communications rely on digital technologies, we leave the nation’s communications infrastructure open to the same threats that the Internet has become targeted by, like the Denial-of-Service attacks.
If wrong: No, this is false. As Voice-over-Internet protocol (VoIP) becomes increasingly popular and more methods of communications rely on digital technologies, we leave the nation’s communications infrastructure open to the same threats that the Internet has become targeted by, like the Denial-of-Service attacks.

Q: There are only two types of dams, the cofferdam used to build a permanent dam and the gravity dam the dam that is used permanently.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Correct! There are at least three types of dams in addition to cofferdams. Some dams even combine more than one type to form a type of hybrid dam.
If wrong: Incorrect, this is false. There are at least three types of dams in addition to cofferdams. Some dams even combine more than one type to form a type of hybrid dam.

Q: A gravity dam is curved in an arch towards the water flow, and is often made of concrete.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great! This more closely describes an arch dam.
If wrong: The correct answer is false. This description more closely describes an arch dam.

Q: A gravity dam is low maintenance with high performance. They are typically made of solid concrete.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct.
If wrong: No, this is true. Gravity dams are low maintenance, high performance dams that are made of solid concrete.

Q: The dam sector has interdependencies with _____________________________________________________.
- all of these
- food and agriculture sector
- transportation systems sector
- water and wastewater systems sector
A: all of these
If right: That is correct!
If wrong: That is not correct. The correct answer is all of these.

Q: The dams sector includes dams, __________________________________________.
- hydroelectric plants
- levees
- dikes
- coal fired power plants
- all of these except D
A: all of these except D
If right: Great! That is correct.
If wrong: The correct answer is E - all of these except coal fired power plants

Q: The Hoover Dam is an example of an arch-gravity dam.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct!
If wrong: This is true. The Hoover Dam is an arch-gravity dam.

Q: Dams often have benefits beyond the purpose of containing and managing water.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Good! This is true, many dams provide recreational facilities.
If wrong: Incorrect. This is true, many dams provide recreational facilities.

Q: Before building a dam the chosen location's environment must be studied and a ____________ is usually hired to perform an analysis of the site to see if it is capable of safely supporting a dam.
- geologist
- meteorologist
- archaeologist
- sociologist
A: geologist
If right: Correct. A geologist studies the Earth's history through its structure, in particular they study rocks and minerals.
If wrong: That is incorrect. A geologist studies the Earth's history through its structure, in particular they study rocks and minerals.

Q: Alternative energy generally is a term used to describe energy sources that do not rely on fossil fuels.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great!
If wrong: No, this is true.

Q: Thermal energy that is stored in the Earth is _________________ energy.
- geothermal
- hydropower
- hydrokinetic
- all of these
A: geothermal
If right: Good! Geothermal energy is, thermal energy that is stored in the Earth.
If wrong: No, that is not correct. Geothermal energy is, thermal energy that is stored in the Earth.

Q: A geothermal heat pump system takes advantage of ___________________________________________.
- the fact that temperatures remain fairly constant underground
- moving water can be used to create electricity
- biological matter can be used to create energy
- water can be used from oceans, rivers, or streams
A: the fact that temperatures remain fairly constant underground
If right: Very good! You knew that underground temperatures remain fairly constant and are generally cooler than the outside temperature in the summer and warmer than the outside temperature during winter.
If wrong: No, that is not correct. Underground temperatures remain fairly constant and are generally cooler than the outside temperature in the summer and warmer than the outside temperature during winter.

Q: Biomass is biological matter that can be used as a source of energy and often refers to plant matter.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Good!
If wrong: No, this is true.

Q: Both green energy and renewable energy would fit the definition of alternative energy.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great!
If wrong: This is true.

Q: Plant matter burned for fuel is biomass.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great!
If wrong: This is true. Biomass refers to biological matter used as a source of energy. Biomass often refers to plant matter. It can be burned for heat or converted to biofuel.

Q: Green energy would include burning fossil fuels to create electricity.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great!
If wrong: No, this is false. green energy must not have a negative impact on our environment. Burning fossil fuels creates higher levels of carbon dioxide in the environment.

Q: Smart meters are digital meters that record electrical usage in real time and enable communication with the smart grid.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great!
If wrong: This is true. Smart meters are digital meters that record electrical usage in real time (intervals of an hour or less) and enable communications with the smart grid.

Q: Smart grid was developed to provide more reliable electricity.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct!
If wrong: This is true.

Q: Smart appliances can be connected to smart meters and can help you use energy during off-peak hours (when prices can be lower).
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Good.
If wrong: This is true. Using smart appliances in conjunction with a smart meter could help you to use energy more wisely and save money.

Q: The green button idea is
- the idea that electricity consumers who are well informed can make better usage decisions
- is an appliance that can be connected to a smart meter to help you shift energy usage to lower cost off-peak times
- is a digital meter that communicates with the smart grid
- none of these
A: the idea that electricity consumers who are well informed can make better usage decisions
If right: Great! The green button concept reasons that informed consumers can make better decisions.
If wrong: No, this is not correct. The green button concept reasons that informed consumers can make better decisions.

Q: The smart grid system would minimize the number of power outages and shorten the link of outages because it uses _________________________.
- technology and communication that improve fault detection and allows for self-healing and load balancing.
- the green button idea.
- smart appliance support.
A: technology and communication that improve fault detection and allows for self-healing and load balancing.
If right: Great!
If wrong: The correct answer is: technology and communication that improve fault detection and allows for self-healing and load balancing.

Q: Implementation of the smart grid system in the United States would cause a drop in American employment.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: That is correct, employment is already on the rise due to smart grid implementation.
If wrong: No, that is not correct. Employment is already on the rise due to smart grid implementation.

Q: Benefits to the smart grid would include:
- enhanced reliability
- advancements in the use of alternative energies
- better informed consumers
- all of these
A: all of these
If right: Yes! All of these would be examples of the benefits of implementing the smart grid.
If wrong: No. All of these would be examples of benefits from implementing the smart grid.

Q: Privacy (protection of data about the consumer) and securing the smart grid are the two main concerns that most people have about smart grid implementation.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct.
If wrong: This is true, these are the two main concerns.

Q: Some of the types of manufacturing that are included in the critical manufacturing sector are:
- Metal
- Machinery
- Electrical Equipment
- All of these
A: All of these
If right: That is correct! Metal, machinery, electrical equipment, and transportation manufacturing are all a part of critical manufacturing.
If wrong: The correct answer is all of these. Metal, machinery, electrical equipment, and transportation manufacturing are all a part of critical manufacturing.

Q: Metal manufacturing is:
- manufacturing in which raw materials are made into easily usable resources like sheet metal, bar stock, or I-beams.
- responsible for making engines, turbines, power transmission equipment, and industrial controls.
- includes electric motor production as well as manufacturing of  generators, transformers, and other material used in electrical power generation.
- includes the manufacture of automobiles, trucks, heavy equipment, and railroad rolling stock.
A: manufacturing in which raw materials are made into easily usable resources like sheet metal, bar stock, or I-beams.
If right: That is correct!
If wrong: No, the correct answer is: manufacturing in which raw materials are made into easily usable resources like sheet metal, bar stock, or I-beams.

Q: Machinery manufacturing is:
- responsible for making engines, turbines, power transmission equipment, and industrial controls.
- includes electric motor, generator, transformer, and other electrical power generation material production.
- the manufacturing of automobiles, trucks, heavy equipment, and more.
- the manufacturing area that converts raw material into easily usable resources like bar stock, pipe, I-beams, and sheet metal.
A: responsible for making engines, turbines, power transmission equipment, and industrial controls.
If right: Great, that is correct!
If wrong: Incorrect, the correct answer is: responsible for making engines, turbines, power transmission equipment, and industrial controls.

Q: Electrical manufacturing is:
- manufacturing that includes the production of generators, transformers, and other materials used in electrical power generation.
- responsible for making engines, turbines, industrial controls, and more.
- production of automobiles, trucks, heavy equipment, and airplanes.
- responsible for turning raw materials into readily usable materials like sheet metal, pipe, and I-beams.
A: manufacturing that includes the production of generators, transformers, and other materials used in electrical power generation.
If right: Great! That is correct.
If wrong: No, that is not correct. The correct answer is: manufacturing that includes the production of generators, transformers, and other materials used in electrical power generation.

Q: Without critical manufacturing in  the United States, it is possible that there would be some needs for items that we would be unable to meet by importing them.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Yes, that is true.
If wrong: No, the correct answer is true.

Q: Keeping the manufacturing industry in the US diverse and robust in no way helps our country financially.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Correct! This helps to keep the country financially resilient.
If wrong: Incorrect. When we diversify our manufacturing, providing a variety of goods for ourselves as well as for export it makes us more financially resilient.

Q: Manufacturing things that we need here in the US, rather than importing them, prevents us from having to deal with customs delays and some expense that goes along with importing.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great!
If wrong: No, the correct answer is true.

Q: The critical manufacturing sector is important to the United States only because of the jobs that is provides to Americans.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Very good!
If wrong: The correct answer is false. Jobs, financial resiliency, and providing goods we need are three of the main reasons that critical manufacturing is so important.

Q: Thirteen percent of the United States' gross domestic product is made possible by manufacturing.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great!
If wrong: This is true.

Q: Critical manufacturing is nor just important financially, it also meets critical needs.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Very good!
If wrong: This is true.

Q: There are nine sub-systems that make up the Defense Industry Sector and the DoD calls them Industry Segments.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Good!
If wrong: The correct answer is true.

Q: There are six parts (sub-sectors) to the DIB sector.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Good, there are nine parts to the DIB sector.
If wrong: Incorrect, the correct answer is false because there are nine parts to the DIB sector.

Q: The Department of Transportation (DoT) is the Sector Specific Agency (SSA) responsible for the DIB.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: That is correct, the SSA for the DIB sector is the Department of Defense (DoD).
If wrong: The correct answer is false. The Department of Transportation (DoT) is the Sector Specific Agency (SSA) responsible for the DIB.

Q: Defense Industrial Base sector is important because:
- it provides essential products and services that keep our military operating.
- ports, bridges, roadways, and highways are crucial to the United States' economy.
- dams can control water and allow water to be used for irrigation or power production.
- without the DIB sector our country would be vulnerable.
- both A and D.
A: both A and D.
If right: Very good!
If wrong: The correct answer is E - both A and D. The DIB sector provides essential products and services that keep our military operating and without the DIB sector our country would be vulnerable.

Q: The DOD calls the nine sub-systems that make up the DIB sector ______________________.
- Industry Segments
- unmanned ground vehicles
- sub-surface underwater vehicles
- fixed wing aircraft
A: Industry Segments
If right: That is correct!
If wrong: Incorrect. The correct answer is Industry Segments.

Q: What does GUSS stand for?
- Ground Unmanned Support Surrogate
- Gravity Unilateral Space Station
- Ground Up Submarine Systems
- Governed Unity Security System
A: Ground Unmanned Support Surrogate
If right: Great!
If wrong: The correct answer is Ground Unmanned Support Surrogate and this vehicle was in one of our videos. It can serve as an unmanned vehicle or can be driven by a soldier if need be.

Q: The SSAs that help regulate and protect transportation systems in the United States are the United States Coast Guard, TSA, and DOT.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great, this is true.
If wrong: The correct answer is true.

Q: The SSAs that regulate the transportation sector (TSA, USCG, and DOT) report to the DHS.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Yes, this is true.
If wrong: No, the correct answer is true.

Q: There are eight groups that belong to the DOT that we learned about here.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great! There are four groups belonging to DOT that we learn about here.
If wrong: No, that is not right. The correct answer is false. There are four groups that belong to the DOT that we learn about here.

Q: The only reason that the transportation sector is important enough to be considered critical infrastructure is that the military rely on this sector for moving troops and supplies.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Good, there are many reasons why transportation is considered critical infrastructure. Our food supply also relies on this sector as does critical manufacturing.
If wrong: The correct answer is false. There are many reasons why transportation is considered critical infrastructure. Our food supply also relies on this sector as does critical manufacturing.

Q: How many miles of track and structure did the Department of Defense designate as critical to the mobilization and resupply of military forces?
- 30,000
- 3,000
- 85,672
- 40,999
A: 30,000
If right: Very good!
If wrong: That is not correct. The correct answer is 30,000 miles.

Q: Threats and risks to the transportation sector include:
- all of these.
- cyber attacks.
- lack of funding.
- terrorism.
A: all of these.
If right: Great!
If wrong: The correct answer is: all of these.

Q: Aging infrastructure is not a problem in the United States.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Very good! Aging infrastructure is actually a growing problem in the United States.
If wrong: No, this is not correct. Aging infrastructure is a growing problem in the United States.

Q: The only threat the chemical sector faces is that of terrorism.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Good, this is false. Other threats include accidents, cyber threats, and natural disasters.
If wrong: This is not true. Other threats to the chemical sector include accidents, cyber threats, and natural disasters.

Q: The chemical sector is considered critical infrastructure because it produces chemicals that are essential to our way of life; this includes chemicals for growing our food supply.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Very good!
If wrong: This is true.

Q: Because the chemical sector only deals with the manufacture, storage, and transportation of chemicals it is not necessary for this sector to update their cyber security practices.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: That is correct! Many of these aspects require the use of technology including networked computers and machinery; the chemical sector must absolutely keep their cyber security up-to-date.
If wrong: The answer is false. Many of these aspects require the use of technology including networked computers and machinery; the chemical sector must absolutely keep their cyber security up-to-date.

Q: The Department of Homeland Security has tasked the chemical sector with reducing the vulnerability of chemical manufacturing and distribution in the United States.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: That is correct.
If wrong: The correct answer is true. The sector is tasked with reducing the vulnerability of chemical manufacturing and distribution in the United States.

Q: The five main segments of the chemical sector are: Basic chemicals, _________________________________________________________________.
- Boutique Chemicals
- Specialty Chemicals
- Pharmaceuticals
- Agricultural Chemicals
- Consumer Products
- All except for A - Boutique Chemicals
A: All except for A - Boutique Chemicals
If right: Very good!
If wrong: The correct answer is F - All except Boutique Chemicals.

Q: This sector is usually thought of in terms of the chemical industry supply chain.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great! This is true.
If wrong: No, the correct answer is true.

Q: The procurement of raw materials is not a part of the chemical infrastructure sector.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great! This is false, the procurement of raw materials is part of the activities associated with the manufacture, distribution, and use of chemicals.
If wrong: The correct answer is false. The procurement of raw materials is part of the activities associated with the manufacture, distribution, and use of chemicals.

Q: The ____________ sector is dependent on the chemical sector because of their need for chemicals to make medicines.
- healthcare
- transportation
- communication
- Information Technology
A: healthcare
If right: That is correct, the healthcare sector depends on the chemical sector to provide ingredients for medicines.
If wrong: The correct answer is healthcare. The healthcare sector depends on the chemical sector to provide essential ingredients for medicines.

Q: The healthcare and public health sector is complicated and this makes it easier to protect and secure.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great! This is false. It is indeed a complicated sector, however this makes it more difficult to protect and secure.
If wrong: The correct answer is flase. This sector is indeed very complicated, however this makes it harder to protect and secure.

Q: The HPH sector is critical because a breakdown in the sector could cause loss of human life and economic hardship.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Very good! True is the correct answer.
If wrong: The correct answer is true.

Q: One of the goal's of the HPH sector is to mitigate risks to its cyber assets, because they could result in disruption to or denial of health services.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct.
If wrong: Incorrect. The correct answer is true.

Q: Professionals who work in the HPH sector would include:
- doctors, nurses, veterinarians, clinical lab technichians, and pharmacists.
- respiratory therapists
- nuclear medicine technologists
- all of these
- all of these except veterinarians
A: all of these
If right: That is correct! All of these is correct.
If wrong: No, the correct answer is all of these.

Q: Which of the HPH sector's four main goals would most closely cover the need to protect hospitals, ambulances, and medical equipment in the event of a terrorist attack?
- Physical Asset Protection
- Cyber Security
- Workforce Protection
- Service Continuity
A: Physical Asset Protection
If right: Great!
If wrong: Incorrect. The answer that most closely fits would be Physical Asset Protection.

Q: Whic of the HPH sector's four main goals call for healthcare workers to be protected?
- Workforce Protection
- Cyber Security
- Physical Asset Protection
- Service Continuity
A: Workforce Protection
If right: Correct.
If wrong: No, this is not correct. The correct answer is Workforce Protection.

Q: Better and increased methods of information sharing are of little to no concern in the HPH sector.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Good.
If wrong: No, the correct answer is false. One of the things the HPH sector strives to do is to shore more information in more ways. Information could be critical in an emergency situation.

Q: Communications in the commercial facilities sector is important. Employees should be encouraged to communicate amongst themselves.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great! This is true, employees who communicate well with one another will be more likely to quickly and efficiently communicate that something may be wrong if they see something that does not look right.
If wrong: The correct answer is true. Employees who communicate well with one another will be more likely to quickly and efficiently communicate that something may be wrong if they see something that does not look right.

Q: Employees should be trained in how (to whom) to report a threat, as well as how to recognize them.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Very good!
If wrong: No, the correct answer is true.

Q: It is not a good idea to practive evacuating a facility.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: That is correct. It is a good idea to practice.
If wrong: This is false. It is a good idea to practice evacuating a facility.

Q: Man made hazards include earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great! These are natural disasters/hazards.
If wrong: This is incorrect. The correct answer is false. The hazards listed here are natural.

Q: Casinos would not be considered a commercial facility.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Good. That is correct.
If wrong: That is not correct. Casinos are considered commercial facilities.

Q: The nature of this sector requires it to provide free moving and quick access. This means that risk management must be as non-obstructive as possible.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great!
If wrong: This is actually true.

Q: The most valuable resource in the Emergency Services sector are the first responders.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Very good!
If wrong: Incorrect. The correct answer is true.

Q: The ESS is made up of 5 disciplines: law enforcement, fire and emergency services, emergency management, emergency medical services, and public works.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Good!
If wrong: The correct answer is true.

Q: ESS stands for Emergency Services Sustainablity.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great! You knew that ESS stands for Emergency Services Sector.
If wrong: No, the correct answer is false. ESS stands for Emergency Services Sector.

Q: Some manmade threats to this sector include earthquake, flood, and storm.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Correct, very good! These particular examples are of natural threats.
If wrong: The correct answer is false, the examples shown here are examples of natural threats not manmade ones.

Q: Some natural threats to this sector include earthquake, flood, and storm.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Correct, very good! These particular examples are of natural threats.
If wrong: The correct answer is true, the examples shown here are indeed examples of natural threats (not manmade ones).

Q: IPAWS is the Integrated Public All Clear and Warning System, it began in 2006.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Very good, IPAWS stands for the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System.
If wrong: No, the correct answer is false, IPAWS stands for Integrated Public Alert and Warning System.

Q: IPAWS is the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System, it began in 2006.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Very good, IPAWS stands for the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System.
If wrong: No, the correct answer is true, IPAWS stands for Integrated Public Alert and Warning System.

Q: You could say that three of the main things (in the ESS system) that are always focused on are: preparedness, response, and recovery.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Very good! This is true.
If wrong: The correct answer is true.

Q: The Government Facilities Sector contains only buildings.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Very good!
If wrong: No, this is not correct. The correct answer is false. Buildings are a big part of the Government Facilities Sector, but other assets are a part of it too.

Q: Government buildings that do not hold materials of a sensative nature are not protected under the Government Facilites Sector.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great!
If wrong: No, this is not correct. These are also included in the sector.

Q: The National Monuments and Icons Subsector protects assets, systems, and networks that are considered:
- part of our national heritage
- listed on the List of National Historic Landmarks
- listed on the National Trgister of Historic Places
- all of these
- none of these
A: all of these
If right: That is correct, very good.
If wrong: No, the correct answer is all of these.

Q: The Government Facilities Sector is dependant on:
- all of these
- the Transportation Sector
- the Energy Sector
- the Healthcare and Public Health Sector
A: all of these
If right: Yes, that is correct.
If wrong: This in incorrect. The correct answer is all of these.

Q: Examples of assets considered a part of the Government Facilities Sector would be:
- courthouses, embassies, national laboratories, office buildings, military installations
- zoos, parks, amusement parks, fairs
A: courthouses, embassies, national laboratories, office buildings, military installations
If right: Great!
If wrong: No, that is not correct. The correct answer is: Courthouses, Embassies, National Laboratories, Office Buildings, and Military Installations.

Q: The employees who perform essential tasks, who hold tactical, operational, or strategic knowledge are considered to be part of the Government Facilities Sector.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Very good!
If wrong: No, the correct answer is true.

Q: The great number of government facilities combined with the locations (many of which are in other countries) makes the Government Facilities Sector one of the easiest sectors to protect.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Yes! This makes it very difficult to protect.
If wrong: No, this makes it very difficult to protect.

Q: Sanitation laws are not covered under the Food and Agriculture Sector.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Good!
If wrong: No, the correct answer is false.

Q: The definition of food that the 2002 Bioterrorism Act provided includes pet and farm animal food as well as dietary supplements.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Very good, this is true.
If wrong: No, the correct answer is true.

Q: Attacks or contaminations to the Food and Agriculture Sector could only cause some financial hardship.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great, this is false. Attacks and contamination could cause public health consequences and possibly animal and plant health issues too.
If wrong: Incorrect. The correct answer is false. Attacks and contamination could cause public health consequences and possibly animal and plant health issues too.

Q: The Food and Agriculture Sector works to:
- all of these
- deter threats to the sector
- minimize the consequences from large-scale incidents
- reduce vulnerability of the food supply
A: all of these
If right: Very good! They work to do all of these.
If wrong: The correct answer is all of these.

Q: The two groups that are most closely associated with the Food and Agriculture Sector are:
- FDA and USDA
- FDA and FBI
- IRS and USDA
- FCC and USDA
A: FDA and USDA
If right: Very good! The FDA and the USDA are the Food and Agriculture Sector's Sector Specific Agencies.
If wrong: No, the correct answer is the FDA and the USDA. These two make up the Section Specific Agency for the Food and Agriculture Sector.

Q: The Food and Agriculture Sector depends on the Water and Wastewater Systems Sector because water is needed to irrigate crops.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great!
If wrong: The correct answer is true.

Q: The threats to the Food and Agriculture Sector that are mentioned in the reading are:
- all of these
- none of these
- bioterrorism
- human or man-made events
- cyber security threats
- natural disasters
A: all of these

Q: Someone trying to take control of, or even stop, the water supply to a big city would be an example of a possible terrorist threat.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: That is correct.
If wrong: The correct answer is true.

Q: A malicious hacker trying to gain access to the control systems in a water treatment plant would be an example of a natural disaster.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Great! That would be an example of a cyber security threat.
If wrong: The correct answer is false. This would be an example of a cyber security threat.

Q: Earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods are examples of potential bioterrorist acts.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Very good, this list would be more appropriately called a list of potential natural disasters.
If wrong: Incorrect, this list would be more appropriately called a list of potential natural disasters.

Q: Pandemic influenza would be an example of a pandemic threat.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great!
If wrong: No, the correct answer is true.

Q: Someone maliciously hacking in to control systems and trying to take control of, or even stop, the water supply to a big city would be an example of a possible pandemic threat.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: That is correct.
If wrong: Incorrect, the correct answer is false. This would be an example of a cyber security threat.

Q: Someone maliciously hacking in to control systems and trying to take control of, or even stop, the water supply to a big city would be an example of a possible cyber security threat.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: That is correct.
If wrong: Incorrect, the correct answer is true. This would be an example of a cyber security threat.

Q: Wastewater could contain:
- inorganic materials and pathogens
- animals, gases, toxins
- pharmaceuticals
- all of these
A: all of these
If right: Very good!
If wrong: Incorrect. The correct answer is "all of these".

Q: Methods for treating wastewater include:
- chemical
- biological
- physical
- none of these
- all of these
A: all of these
If right: Yes, that is correct.
If wrong: No, that is not correct. The correct answer is "all of these".

Q: The financial sector has a long history of being prone to the threat of natural disaster.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Very good.
If wrong: No, this is not true. The long history of the financial sector being prone to a threat, is that of insiders (human).

Q: Banks are the only institutions included in the Financial Services Sector.
- True
- False
A: False
If right: Correct.
If wrong: Incorrect. There are many types of institutions in the Financial Services Sector.

Q: The Financial Services Sector was formerly named the Banking and Finance Sector.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great! It was called the Banking and Finance Sector until 2013.
If wrong: No, it was called the Banking and Finance Sector until 2013.

Q: What group was created after September 11, 2001 in an effort to examine the Financial Services Sector's resiliency?
- FBIIC
- FDIC
- FBI
- FBB
A: FBIIC
If right: That is correct.
If wrong: No, the correct answer is "FBIIC". FBIIC is the Financial and Banking Information Infrastructure Committee and they work on measuring and improving resiliency.

Q: Which sectors did this course mention are dependent on the Financial Services Sector.
- all sectors
- the Government Facilities and Commercial Facilities Sectors
- the Critical Manufacturing Sector
- no sectors depend on the Financial Services Sector
A: all sectors
If right: Very good, that is correct!
If wrong: Incorrect. All sectors are dependent on the Financial Services Sector.

Q: The three main goals of the Financial Services Sector are:
- 1. To achieve the best possible position against many threats.
2. To address and manage risks caused by being dependent on: Information Technology, Energy, and Transportation Systems Sectors.
3. To work together (co-operation) with private sector, law enforcement, and regulatory agencies to address threats.
- 1. To identify all threats to the Financial Services Sector.
2. To mitigate all threats.
3. To prevent future new threats.
- 1. To protect the Financial Services Sector from physical threats.
2. To protect the Financial Services Sector from natural disaster.
3. To work together (co-operation) with private sector, law enforcement, and regulatory agencies to address threats.
- 1. To achieve the best possible position against many threats.
2. To protect the Financial Services Sector from natural disaster.
3. To look to the future and predict future threats.
A: 1. To achieve the best possible position against many threats.
2. To address and manage risks caused by being dependent on: Information Technology, Energy, and Transportation Systems Sectors.
3. To work together (co-operation) with private sector, law enforcement, and regulatory agencies to address threats.
If right: Great!
If wrong: No, that is not correct. The correct answer is: 1. To achieve the best possible position against many threats. 2. To address and manage risks caused by being dependent on: Information Technology, Energy, and Transportation Systems Sectors. 3. To work together (co-operation) with private sector, law enforcement, and regulatory agencies to address threats.

Q: Without the services offered by th Financial Services Sector, Americans would likely not be able to pay one another with checks, deposit money in insured institutions, or invest money in the ways they can now.
- True
- False
A: True
If right: Great!
If wrong: This is incorrect. It is true that without the services offered by th Financial Services Sector, Americans would likely not be able to pay one another with checks, deposit money in insured institutions, or invest money in the ways they can now.