Title: The Microgrid
Course: 2016FA-MCO-115-401 > Section: Module 2: Energy

Microgrids

The utilization of microgrids is a trend in developing power distribution systems for industry. A microgrid is a self-sustaining power grid developed for a localized area. Power is created via generators, green energy alternatives, or a combination of both, and used to run operations. In dealing with microgrids, the normal power grid is considered to be the backup power source while the microgrid is used for primary power. This allows the facility to be completely isolated from the traditional grid, or macrogrid, and still give access to the traditional grid if need be.

Power Storage and the Microgrid

Power storage is an issue with microgrids. Batteries are the typical solution for power storage in such an application, but they are expensive and, often, inefficient. Many facilities that are choosing to utilize a microgrid are choosing to not store the electricity they generate at all. Instead, they generate power at a level that would run the facility at peak power usage and any unused power is put onto the traditional grid. The reasoning being that power generation is actually much cheaper than power storage. It is less costly and easier just to generate more power to meet needs. Moreover, putting power back on to the grid can potentially generate revenue for the facility.

Benefits to the Microgrid

- More redundancy
- Increased resiliency
- Improved ROI

Drawbacks to the Microgrid

- Requires 24/7 monitoring
- No standard microgrid

Case Study: Apple AC2 Energy Center

Apple plans on utilizing a microgrid for energy distribution at their new, cutting-edge, Apple Campus 2. For some time now, the goal of Apple has been to move toward green energy distribution. In a 2011 meeting with the Cupertino City Council, Steve Jobs was noted as saying that he would like for the new Apple Campus 2, which will house 12,000 Apple employees, to run from energy created on the campus and for the traditional power grid to serve as a backup. The primary sources for energy creation on the campus include natural gas generators and solar farms.